{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:17:29Z","timestamp":1790561849835,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":291,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress impacts multiple systems of the body and can lead to some of the most devastating consequences in the nervous system especially during aging. Both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cerebral ischemia, trauma, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Huntington\u2019s disease, and tuberous sclerosis through programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy can be the result of oxidant stress. Novel therapeutic avenues that focus upon the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), Akt (protein kinase B), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade and related pathways offer exciting prospects to address the onset and potential reversal of neurodegenerative disorders. Effective clinical translation of these pathways into robust therapeutic strategies requires intimate knowledge of the complexity of these pathways and the ability of this cascade to influence biological outcome that can vary among disorders of the nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131113830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T11:07:39Z","timestamp":1351249659000},"page":"13830-13866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Oxidant Stress and Signal Transduction in the Nervous System with the PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR Cascade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Maiese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"},{"name":"Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA"},{"name":"New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao Zhong","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"},{"name":"New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"},{"name":"New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Chen","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"},{"name":"New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.648926","article-title":"SIRT1: New avenues of discovery for disorders of oxidative stress","volume":"16","author":"Chong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. 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