{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:30:59Z","timestamp":1760243459123,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine fibroids are the commonest uterine benign tumors. A potential mechanism of malignant transformation from leiomyomas to leiomyosarcomas has been described. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key mechanism that controls biological functions, such as proliferation and cell differentiation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the phosphorylation of epithelial growth factor-receptor (EGFR) in normal myometrium, uterine myomas and uterine leiomyosarcomas. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from normal myometrium, leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were studied. Samples were immunohistochemically (IHC) assessed using the anti-EGFR phosphorylation of Y845 (pEGFR-Y845) and anti-pEGFR-Y1173 phosphorylation-specific antibodies. IHC staining was evaluated using a semiquantitative score. The expression of pEGFR-Y845 was significantly upregulated in leiomyosarcomas (p &lt; 0.001) compared to leiomyomas and normal myometrium. In contrast, pEGFR-Y1173 did not differ significantly between the three groups of the study. Correlation analysis revealed an overall positive correlation between pEGFR Y845 and mucin 1 (MUC1). Further subgroup analysis within the tumoral group (myomas and leiomyosarcomas) revealed an additional negative correlation between pEGFR Y845 and galectin-3 (gal-3) staining. On the contrary no significant correlation was noted within the non-tumoral group. An upregulated EGFR phosphorylation of Y845 in leiomyosarcomas compared to leiomyomas implicates EGFR activation at this special receptor site. Due to these pEGFR-Y845 variations, it can be postulated that MUC1 interacts with it, whereas gal-3 seems to be cleaved from Y845 phosphorylated  EGFR. Further research on this field could focus on differences in EGFR pathways as a potentially advantageous diagnostic tool for investigation of benign and malignant signal transduction processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14034783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1362051096000},"page":"4783-4792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Epithelial Growth Factor-Receptor (EGFR) Phosphorylation in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Correlation to Mucin-1 and Galectin-3 Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Weissenbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vrekoussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Makrigiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Laboratory of Human Reproduction, Medical School, University of Crete, Iraklion 71110, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Ditsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Grosshadern Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Friese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Grosshadern Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Jeschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Dian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80337, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm043","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity among uterine leiomyomata: Insights into malignant progression","volume":"16","author":"Hodge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. 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