{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:18:03Z","timestamp":1791980283110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":667,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis\u2014a bone resorbing disease\u2014and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites\u2014such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14035036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T13:09:27Z","timestamp":1362143367000},"page":"5036-5129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Phospholipases of Mineralization Competent Cells and Matrix Vesicles: Roles in Physiological and Pathological Mineralizations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Saida","family":"Mebarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, F-69361, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France"},{"name":"ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelkarim","family":"Abousalham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, F-69361, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France"},{"name":"ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Magne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, F-69361, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France"},{"name":"ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, F-69361, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France"},{"name":"ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,  Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Bandorowicz-Pikula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,  Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Pikula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,  Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Buchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Lyon, F-69361, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France"},{"name":"ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.2741\/e543","article-title":"Bone cells and the mechanisms of bone remodelling","volume":"4","author":"Teti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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