{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:32:38Z","timestamp":1780968758762,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors investigated the regulatory effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on myocardial injury induced by isopropylarterenol (ISO) hydrochloride and its mechanisms. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, ISO group, ISO plus SO2 group, and SO2 only group. Cardiac function was measured and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected. Bcl-2, bax and cytochrome c (cytc) expressions, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities in the left ventricular tissues were examined in the rats. The opening status of myocardial mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and membrane potential were analyzed. The results showed that ISO-treated rats developed heart dysfunction and cardiac injury. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the left ventricular tissues was augmented, left ventricular tissue bcl-2 expression was down-regulated, bax expression was up-regulated, mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced, MPTP opened, cytc release from mitochondrion into cytoplasm was significantly increased, and both caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were increased. Administration of an SO2 donor, however, markedly improved heart function and relieved myocardial injury of the  ISO-treated rats; it lessened cardiomyocyte apoptosis, up-regulated myocardial bcl-2, down-regulated bax expression, stimulated mitochondrial membrane potential, closed MPTP, and reduced cytc release as well as caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities in the left ventricular tissue. Hence, SO2 attenuated myocardial injury in association with the inhibition of apoptosis in myocardial tissues, and the bcl-2\/cytc\/caspase-9\/caspase-3 pathway was possibly involved in this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140510465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T14:22:12Z","timestamp":1369146132000},"page":"10465-10482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The Role of Sulfur Dioxide in the Regulation of  Mitochondrion-Related Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Isopropylarterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183,  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183,  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoshu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xi'an Men Str. No. 1, West District, Beijing 100034, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.11.29","article-title":"The clinical impact of circulating caspase-3 p17 level: A potential new biomarker for myocardial injury and cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1088","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01280.2008","article-title":"Attenuation of myocardial injury in mice with functional deletion of the circadian rhythm gene mPer2","volume":"298","author":"Virag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. 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