{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:31:52Z","timestamp":1760243512223,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CGB) is a marker of pregnancy as well as trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors. CGB is encoded by a cluster of six genes, of which type II genes (CGB3\/9, 5 and 8) have been shown to be upregulated in relation to type I genes (CGB6\/7) in both placentas and tumors. Recent studies revealed that CGB1 and CGB2, originally considered as pseudogenes, might also be active, however, the protein products of these genes have not yet been identified. Our study demonstrates the presence of CGB1 and CGB2 transcripts in ovarian carcinomas. While CGB1 and CGB2 gene activation was not detected in normal ovaries lacking cancerous development, our study demonstrates the presence of CGB1 and CGB2 transcripts in 41% of analyzed ovarian cancer cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T11:18:49Z","timestamp":1371467929000},"page":"12650-12660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta Subunit Genes CGB1 and CGB2 are Transcriptionally Active in Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Kubiczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D,  60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Walkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D,  60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Nowak-Markwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33,  60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D,  60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341","article-title":"Glycoprotein hormones: Structure and function","volume":"50","author":"Pierce","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. 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