{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:46:30Z","timestamp":1787028390410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, a herbal medicine, has long been used in Korea for the treatment of sore throat, and to alleviate fever and accelerate wound healing. Although the therapeutic effect of P. vulgaris var. lilacina is likely associated with  anti-inflammatory activity, the precise underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity. We have investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the various solvent fractions (hexane, butanol, chloroform and water) from the ethanol extract of P. vulgaris var. lilacina in activated macrophages. The hexane fraction exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activities, inducing inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mRNA expression in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, the hexane fraction from P. vulgaris var. lilacina significantly inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) and the nuclear translocation of the NF-\u03baB p50 and p65 subunits. These results indicate that P. vulgaris var. lilacina has an anti-inflammatory capacity in vitro, suggesting that it could be a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141121489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1383135586000},"page":"21489-21503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["NF-\u03baB-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activity of  Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina in Macrophages RAW 264.7"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,  Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeng-Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-A","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.03.046","article-title":"Ethanol extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"147","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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Drug Des"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/14\/11\/21489\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1760219415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/14\/11\/21489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms141121489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms141121489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]}}}