{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:12:37Z","timestamp":1782623557860,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of innate immune molecules that recognize bacterial peptidoglycan. PGRP-LE, a member of the PGRP family, selectively binds to diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan to activate  both the immune deficiency (Imd) and proPhenoloxidase (proPO) pathways in insects.  A PGRP-LE-dependent induction of autophagy to control Listeria monocytogenes has also been reported. We identified and partially characterized a novel PGRP-LE homologue, from Tenebrio molitor and analyzed its functional role in the survival of the insect against infection by a DAP-type PGN containing intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame (ORF) of 990 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 329 residues. TmPGRP-LE contains one PGRP domain, but lacks critical residues for amidase activity. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a broad constitutive expression of the transcript at various stages of development spanning from larva to adult. RNAi mediated knockdown of the transcripts, followed by a challenge with L. monocytogenes, showed a significant reduction in survival rate of the larvae, suggesting a putative role of TmPGRP-LE in sensing and control of L. monocytogenes infection in T. molitor. These results implicate PGRP-LE as a defense protein necessary for survival of T. molitor against infection by L. monocytogenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141122462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T11:24:25Z","timestamp":1384428265000},"page":"22462-22482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cloning, Characterization and Effect of TmPGRP-LE Gene Silencing on Survival of Tenebrio Molitor against  Listeria monocytogenes Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hamisi","family":"Tindwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-6758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharat","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seulgi","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy,  Pusan National University, Jangjeon Dong, Kumjeong Ku, Busan 609-735, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences,  Soonchunhyang University, Asan City 336-745, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Entomology, National Academy of Agricultural Science,  Rural Development Administration, 61th, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon,  Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9277-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA),  College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvr083","article-title":"Intracellular recognition of pathogens and autophagy as an innate immune host defence","volume":"150","author":"Yano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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