{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:46:31Z","timestamp":1787028391405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mevalonic aciduria, a rare autosomal recessive disease, represents the most severe form of the periodic fever, known as Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency. This disease is caused by the mutation of the MVK gene, which codes for the enzyme mevalonate kinase, along the cholesterol pathway. Mevalonic aciduria patients show recurrent fever episodes with associated inflammatory symptoms, severe neurologic impairments, or death, in early childhood. The typical neurodegeneration occurring in mevalonic aciduria is linked both to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway (caspase-3 and -9), which is triggered by mitochondrial damage, and to pyroptosis (caspase-1). These cell death mechanisms seem to be  also related to the assembly of the inflammasome, which may, in turn, activate  pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, this particular molecular platform may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation mechanisms. Nowadays, a specific therapy is still lacking and the pathogenic mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction have not yet been completely understood, making mevalonic aciduria an orphan drug disease. This review aims to analyze the relationship among neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, programmed cell death, and neurodegeneration. Targeting inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system might help identify promising treatment approaches for mevalonic aciduria or other diseases in which these mechanisms are involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141223274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1385522567000},"page":"23274-23288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency and Neuroinflammation:  Balance between Apoptosis and Pyroptosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Tricarico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3427-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Marcuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Genetic Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health \"Burlo Garofolo\", via dell'Istria 65\/1, Trieste 34137, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7374-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Piscianz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Genetic Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health \"Burlo Garofolo\", via dell'Istria 65\/1, Trieste 34137, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistic Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health \"Burlo Garofolo\",  via dell'Istria 65\/1, Trieste 34137, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Crovella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34128, Italy"},{"name":"Health Genetic Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health \"Burlo Garofolo\", via dell'Istria 65\/1, Trieste 34137, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Genetic Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health \"Burlo Garofolo\", via dell'Istria 65\/1, Trieste 34137, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/343425a0","article-title":"Regulation of the mevalonate pathway","volume":"343","author":"Goldstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078083","article-title":"Mevalonate kinase deficiency and autoinflammatory disorders","volume":"356","author":"Haas","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. 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