{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T21:28:32Z","timestamp":1764797312752,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is involved in  Wnt-5a\u2013induced migration of gastric and breast cancer cells. We investigated the roles of RhoA and Wnt-5a in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression in normal fallopian tube epithelium, benign tumors, primary ovarian carcinomas, and metastatic omentum were quantified. RhoA or Wnt-5a was knocked down in OVCAR3 ovarian carcinoma cells using siRNAs and cell phenotype and expression of relevant molecules were assayed. Results: RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression were found to be significantly higher in metastatic omentum than in ovarian carcinomas, benign tumors, and normal fallopian tube epithelium (p &lt; 0.05), and positively associated with differentiation and FIGO staging (stage I\/II vs. stage III\/IV) in ovarian carcinoma (p &lt; 0.05). RhoA and Wnt-5a expression were positively correlated in ovarian carcinoma (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.1669). RhoA or Wnt-5a knockdown downregulated RhoA and Wnt-5a expression; reduced cell proliferation; promoted G1 arrest and apoptosis; suppressed lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and invasion; and reduced PI3K, Akt, p70S6k, Bcl-xL, survivin, and VEGF mRNA or protein expression. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that RhoA and Wnt-5a are associated with ovarian carcinogenesis and apoptosis inhibition; there might be positive correlation between RhoA and Wnt-5a expression. RhoA is a potential tumorigenesis, differentiation, and progression biomarker in ovarian carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141224187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T13:35:11Z","timestamp":1386855311000},"page":"24187-24199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Involvement of RhoA and Wnt-5a in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,  Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region,  Shenyang 110045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Feng","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ling","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,  Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua-Chuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cancer Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,  Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.07.007","article-title":"Ovarian carcinogenesis, an alternative theory","volume":"107","author":"Piek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. 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