{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:33:56Z","timestamp":1792010036694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in response to an acute insult to the head and is recognized as a major risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Indeed, recent studies have suggested a pathological overlap between TBI and AD, with both conditions exhibiting amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) deposits, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation. Additional studies involving animal models of AD indicate that some AD-related genotypic determinants may be critical factors enhancing temporal and phenotypic symptoms of TBI. Thus in the present study, we examined sub-acute effects of moderate TBI delivered by a gas-driven shock tube device in A\u03b2 depositing Tg2576 mice. Three days later, significant increases in b-amyloid deposition, glycogen synthase-3 (GSK-3) activation, phospho-tau, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Importantly, peripheral treatment with the naturally occurring flavonoid, luteolin, significantly abolished these accelerated pathologies. This study lays the groundwork for a safe and natural compound that could prevent or treat TBI with minimal or no deleterious side effects in combat personnel and others at risk or who have experienced TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15010895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T14:10:57Z","timestamp":1389276657000},"page":"895-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Luteolin Reduces Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathologies Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Darrell","family":"Sawmiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa,  FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa,  FL 33613, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology,  Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Shahaduzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demian","family":"Obregon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa,  FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Giunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa,  FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Borlongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sanberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa,  FL 33613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009290","article-title":"Head injury and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease by apolipoprotein E genotype","volume":"146","author":"Kukull","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. 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