{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:34:28Z","timestamp":1790685268932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common groundwater contaminant of toxic and carcinogenic concern. Aerobic co-metabolic processes are the predominant pathways for TCE complete degradation. In this study, Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as the active microorganism to degrade TCE under aerobic condition by co-metabolic degradation using phenol and gasoline as growth substrates. Operating conditions influencing TCE degradation efficiency were optimized. TCE co-metabolic degradation rate reached the maximum of 80% under the optimized conditions of degradation time of 3 days, initial OD600 of microorganism culture of 0.14 (1.26 \u00d7 107 cell\/mL), initial phenol concentration of 100 mg\/L, initial TCE concentration of 0.1 mg\/L, pH of 6.0, and salinity of 0.1%. The modified transformation capacity and transformation yield were 20 \u03bcg (TCE)\/mg (biomass) and 5.1 \u03bcg (TCE)\/mg (phenol), respectively. Addition of nutrient broth promoted TCE degradation with phenol as growth substrate. It was revealed that catechol 1,2-dioxygenase played an important role in TCE co-metabolism. The dechlorination of TCE was complete, and less chlorinated products were not detected at the end of the experiment. TCE could also be co-metabolized in the presence of gasoline; however, the degradation rate was not high (28%). When phenol was introduced into the system of TCE and gasoline, TCE  and gasoline could be removed at substantial rates (up to 59% and 69%, respectively).  This study provides a promising approach for the removal of combined pollution of TCE and gasoline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15059134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T03:23:32Z","timestamp":1400815412000},"page":"9134-9148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Aerobic Degradation of Trichloroethylene by Co-Metabolism Using Phenol and Gasoline as Growth Substrates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,  College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,  College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui-Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,  College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Zhao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,  College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,  College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1021\/es00006a029","article-title":"Field evaluation of in-situ aerobic cometabolism of trichloroethylene and three dichloroethylene isomers using phenol and toluene as the primary substrates","volume":"29","author":"Hopkins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. 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