{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:34:34Z","timestamp":1792272874370,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias. More recent use is for myasthenia gravis. Many of these inhibitors interact with the second known cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Further, evidence shows that acetylcholine plays a role in suppression of cytokine release through a \u201ccholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway\u201d which raises questions about the role of these inhibitors in the immune system. This review covers research and discussion of the role of the inhibitors in modulating the immune response using as examples the commonly available drugs, donepezil, galantamine, huperzine, neostigmine and pyridostigmine. Major attention is given to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-described link between the central nervous system and terminal effector cells in the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15069809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T11:09:31Z","timestamp":1401707371000},"page":"9809-9825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Meet Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8804-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Pohanka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Karel English College in Brno, Sujanovo namesti 356\/1, Brno 60200, Czech Republic\u00a0"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.07.007","article-title":"Cholinergic involvement and manipulation approaches in multiple system disorders","volume":"203","author":"Ofek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. 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