{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1789973956639,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two benzaldehyde derivatives, flavoglaucin (1) and isotetrahydro-auroglaucin (2), were isolated from the marine fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989 through bioassay- and  1H NMR-guided investigation. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.  We demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 markedly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression without affecting cell viability. We also demonstrated that the compounds reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) activation by suppressing phosphorylation of IkappaB (I\u03baB). These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of these benzaldehyde derivatives in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were due to the inactivation of the NF-\u03baB pathway. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression through the nuclear transcription  factor-E2\u2013related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1 and 2 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and on NF-\u03baB binding activity were reversed by HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1 and 2 also correlated with their ability of inducing HO-1 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151223749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T10:50:22Z","timestamp":1418986222000},"page":"23749-23765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Inhibitory Effects of Benzaldehyde Derivatives from the  Marine Fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989 on Inflammatory Mediators via the Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kyoung-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"},{"name":"Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine,  Incheon 400-712, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonmin","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joung","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Bo","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youn-Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"},{"name":"Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuncheol","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"},{"name":"Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(00)00212-8","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and the chondrocyte: Mechanisms of intracellular activation","volume":"67","author":"Berenbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jt. 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