{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:21:46Z","timestamp":1789410106987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSFC Outstanding Youth grant","award":["31025026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31025026"]}]},{"name":"the priority area project of Ministry of Education","award":["20130146130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130146130001"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2013PY050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013PY050"]}]},{"name":"Alan M Krassner and Ingeborg v. F. McKee Fund of the Hawaii Community Foundation","award":["ID #: 13P-60310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID #: 13P-60310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily, plays a crucial negative role in muscle growth. MSTN mutations or inhibitions can dramatically increase muscle mass in most mammal species. Previously, we generated a transgenic mouse model of muscle hypertrophy via the transgenic expression of the MSTN N-terminal propeptide cDNA under the control of the skeletal muscle-specific MLC1 promoter. Here, we compare the mRNA profiles between transgenic mice and wild-type littermate controls with a high-throughput RNA sequencing method. The results show that 132 genes were significantly differentially expressed between transgenic mice and wild-type control mice; 97 of these genes were up-regulated, and 35 genes were down-regulated in  the skeletal muscle. Several genes that had not been reported to be involved in muscle hypertrophy were identified, including up-regulated myosin binding protein H (mybph),  and zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (Zmpste24). In addition, kyphoscoliosis peptidase (Ky), which plays a vital role in muscle growth, was also up-regulated in the transgenic  mice. Interestingly, a pathway analysis based on grouping the differentially expressed genes uncovered that cardiomyopathy-related pathways and phosphatidic acid (PA) pathways (Dgki, Dgkz, Plcd4) were up-regulated. Increased PA signaling may increase mTOR signaling, resulting in skeletal muscle growth. The findings of the RNA sequencing analysis help to understand the molecular mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy caused by MSTN inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T10:44:31Z","timestamp":1428576271000},"page":"7976-7994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["RNA Sequencing Identifies Upregulated Kyphoscoliosis Peptidase and Phosphatidic Acid Signaling Pathways in  Muscle Hypertrophy Generated by Transgenic Expression of Myostatin Propeptide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of  Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of  Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of  Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of  Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of  Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.135836","article-title":"Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. 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