{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:06:57Z","timestamp":1783606017710,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>R-\u03b1-lipoic acid (RLA) is an endogenous organic acid, and works as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzymes and as a kind of antioxidant. Inclusion complexes of RLA with  \u03b1-, \u03b2- or \u03b3-cyclodextrins (CD) were prepared and orally administered as a suspension to rats. Among them, RLA\/\u03b3-CD showed the highest plasma exposure, and its area under the  plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of RLA was 2.2 times higher than that after oral administration of non-inclusion RLA. On the other hand, the AUC after oral administration of non-inclusion RLA and RLA\/\u03b3-CD to pylorus-ligated rats did not differ. However,  the AUC after intraduodenal administration of RLA\/\u03b3-CD was 5.1 times higher than that of  non-inclusion RLA, and was almost comparable to the AUC after intraduodenal administration of RLA-Na solution. Furthermore, the AUC after intraduodenal administration of  RLA\/\u03b3-CD was not affected by biliary ligation or co-administration of an amylase inhibitor.  These findings demonstrated that RLA was absorbed from the small intestine effectively when orally administered as a \u03b3-CD inclusion complex, which could be easily dissolved in the lumen of the intestine. In conclusion, \u03b3-CD inclusion complex is an appropriate formulation for supplying RLA as a drug or nutritional supplement with respect to absorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160510105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T10:33:04Z","timestamp":1430735584000},"page":"10105-10120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of \u03b3-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex on the Absorption of R-\u03b1-Lipoic Acid in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suetada","family":"Nagayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Miyajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinako","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC654R 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ikuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC654R 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC654R 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6464","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00461a061","article-title":"Biosynthesis of lipoic acid. 1. 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