{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:45:13Z","timestamp":1791229513082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harnessing hydrogen competently through wastewater treatment using a particular class of biocatalyst is indeed a challenging issue. Therefore, biohydrogen potential of  real-field wastewater was evaluated by hybrid fermentative process in a single-stage process. The cumulative hydrogen production (CHP) was observed to be higher with distillery wastewater (271 mL) than with dairy wastewater (248 mL). Besides H2 production, the hybrid process was found to be effective in wastewater treatment. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was found higher in distillery wastewater (56%) than  in dairy wastewater (45%). Co-culturing photo-bacterial flora assisted in removal of volatile fatty acids (VFA) wherein 63% in distillery wastewater and 68% in case of dairy wastewater. Voltammograms illustrated dominant reduction current and low cathodic Tafel slopes supported H2 production. Overall, the augmented dark-photo fermentation system (ADPFS) showed better performance than the control dark fermentation system (DFS). This kind of holistic approach is explicitly viable for practical scale-up operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16059540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T04:42:57Z","timestamp":1430282577000},"page":"9540-9556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Single-Stage Operation of Hybrid Dark-Photo Fermentation to Enhance Biohydrogen Production through Regulation of System Redox Condition: Evaluation with Real-Field Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Chandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES),  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Nikhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES),  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES),  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.01.103","article-title":"Strategies for improving biological hydrogen production","volume":"110","author":"Hallenbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Pandey, A., Chang, J.-S., Hallenbeck, P.C., and Larroche, C. (2013). Biohydrogen, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2007.04.007","article-title":"Anaerobic biohydrogen production from dairy wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR): Effect of organic loading rate","volume":"41","author":"Sarma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2009.05.062","article-title":"Harnessing of biohydrogen from wastewater treatment using mixed fermentative consortia: Process evaluation towards optimization","volume":"34","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2010.01.084","article-title":"Utilizing acid-rich effluents of fermentative hydrogen production process as substrate for harnessing bioelectricity: An integrative approach","volume":"35","author":"Mohanakrishna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.01.029","article-title":"Bio-electrolytic conversion of acidogenic effluents to biohydrogen: An integration strategy for higher substrate conversion and product recovery","volume":"133","author":"Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikhil, G., Mohan, S.V., and Swamy, Y. (2015). Applied potentials regulate recovery of residual hydrogen from acid-rich effluents: Influence of biocathodic buffer capacity over process performance. Bioresour. Technol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.01.084"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2014.00019","article-title":"Potential use of microbial electrolysis cells (MECS) in domestic wastewater treatment plants for energy recovery","volume":"2","author":"Escapa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2010.07.002","article-title":"Photosynthetic hydrogen production","volume":"11","author":"Allakhverdiev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2009.02.004","article-title":"Advances in fermentative biohydrogen production: The way forward?","volume":"27","author":"Hallenbeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2014.01.196","article-title":"Enhanced bio-hydrogenesis by co-culturing photosynthetic bacteria with acidogenic process: Augmented dark-photo fermentative hybrid system to regulate volatile fatty acid inhibition","volume":"39","author":"Chandra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(08)70310-1","article-title":"Biotechnological potentials of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. I. Production of single cell protein, vitamins, ubiquinones, hormones, and enzymes and use in waste treatment","volume":"41","author":"Sasikala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Singh, S., Srivastava, S., Singh, V., Block, D., and Veziroglu, T. (1994, January 20\u201324). Photoproduction of hydrogen by rhodopseudomonas at the expense of cellulose: Development of two-stage bioreactor, hydrogen energy progress X: Volume 2. Proceedings of the 10th World Hydrogen Energy Conference,Cocoa Beach, FL,USA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2006.06.034","article-title":"High hydrogen yield from a two-step process of dark-and photo-fermentation of sucrose","volume":"32","author":"Tao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.07.078","article-title":"Impact of carbon and nitrogen sources on hydrogen production by a newly isolated Clostridium butyricum w5","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.12.059","article-title":"Acidogenic fermentation of vegetable based market waste to harness biohydrogen with simultaneous stabilization","volume":"100","author":"Mohan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"612","article-title":"Study of physio-chemical characteristics and biological treatment of molasses-based distillery effluent","volume":"2","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioassays"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.2001.0505","article-title":"Wastewater management in a cane molasses distillery involving bioresource recovery","volume":"65","author":"Nandy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3199(02)00090-3","article-title":"Sustainable fermentative hydrogen production: Challenges for process optimisation","volume":"27","author":"Hawkes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2011.04.021","article-title":"Firmicutes with iron dependent hydrogenase drive hydrogen production in anaerobic bioreactor using distillery wastewater","volume":"36","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3199(02)00102-7","article-title":"Photohydrogen production using purple nonsulfur bacteria with hydrogen fermentation reactor effluent","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.01.085","article-title":"Multiple process integrations for broad perspective analysis of fermentative H2 production from wastewater treatment: Technical and environmental considerations","volume":"107","author":"Mohanakrishna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blankenship, R.E., Madigan, M.T., and Bauer, C.E. (1995). Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47954-0"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1966.tb05813.x","article-title":"Spectroscopic analysis of bacteriochlorophylls in vitro and in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Clayton","year":"1966","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(69)90120-0","article-title":"Bacteriochlorophyll pheophytinization in chromatophores and subchromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum","volume":"180","author":"Fujimori","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(98)00088-9","article-title":"Light-independent isomerization of bacteriochlorophyll g to chlorophyll a catalyzed by weak acid in vitro","volume":"365","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.07.020","article-title":"The effect of butyrate concentration on photo-hydrogen production from acetate by Rhodopseudomonas faecalis RLD-53","volume":"33","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.10.091","article-title":"High yield single stage conversion of glucose to hydrogen by photofermentation with continuous cultures of Rhodobacter capsulatus JP91","volume":"128","author":"Desaunay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2009.05.095","article-title":"Acetate and butyrate as substrates for hydrogen production through photo-fermentation: Process optimization and combined performance evaluation","volume":"34","author":"Srikanth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.11.047","article-title":"Biological reformation of ethanol to hydrogen by Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2006.12.004","article-title":"Effect of various pretreatment methods on anaerobic mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production utilizing dairy wastewater as substrate","volume":"99","author":"Mohan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2011.07.007","article-title":"Microalgal community and their growth conditions influence biohydrogen production during integration of dark-fermentation and photo-fermentation processes","volume":"36","author":"Chandra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Eaton, A.D., Franson, M.A.H., Association, A.P.H., Association, A.W.W., and Federation, W.E. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater, American Public Health Association."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/16\/5\/9540\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:45:27Z","timestamp":1760215527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/16\/5\/9540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms16059540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms16059540","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]}}}