{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1760243130985,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health Finalized Research for Young Researchers","award":["E66110000230001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E66110000230001"]}]},{"name":"AIRC IG","award":["10136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10136"]}]},{"name":"AIRC Special Program Molecular Clinical Oncology","award":["9980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9980"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM) which may represent a valid model for high-risk MM. This disease is associated with a very poor prognosis, and unfortunately, it has not significantly improved during the last three decades. New high-throughput technologies have allowed  a better understanding of the molecular basis of this disease and moved toward risk stratification, providing insights for targeted therapy studies. This knowledge, added to the pharmacogenetic profile of new and old agents in the analysis of efficacy and safety, could contribute to help clinical decisions move toward a precision medicine and a better clinical outcome for these patients. In this review, we describe the available literature concerning the genomic characterization and pharmacogenetics of plasma cell leukemia (PCL).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160817514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T11:21:59Z","timestamp":1438255319000},"page":"17514-17534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Molecular Classification and Pharmacogenetics of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: An Initial Approach toward  Precision Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Simeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Todoerti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8868-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"La Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Caivano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Trino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Lionetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0582-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Agnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-3086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Laurenzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pellegrino","family":"Musto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,  Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2011.01.005","article-title":"Plasma cell leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Albarracin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12533","article-title":"Plasma cell leukemia: From biology to treatment","volume":"95","author":"Jelinek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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