{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1790141739428,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of cancer in  the Caucasian population. Among NMSC types, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has the highest incidence and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is less common although it can metastasize, accounting for the majority of NMSC-related deaths. Treatment options for NMSC include both surgical and non-surgical modalities. Even though surgical approaches are most commonly used to treat these lesions, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has the advantage of being a non-invasive option, and capable of field treatment, providing optimum cosmetic outcomes. Numerous clinical research studies have shown the efficacy of PDT for treating pre-malignant and malignant NMSC. However, resistant or recurrent tumors appear and sometimes become more aggressive. In this sense, the enhancement of PDT effectiveness by combining it with other therapeutic modalities has become an interesting field in NMSC research. Depending on the characteristics and the type of tumor, PDT can be applied in combination with immunomodulatory (Imiquimod) and chemotherapeutic (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, diclofenac, or ingenol mebutate) agents, inhibitors of some molecules implicated in the carcinogenic process (COX2 or MAPK), surgical techniques, or even radiotherapy. These new strategies open the way to a wider improvement of the prevention and eradication of skin cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161025912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T13:43:01Z","timestamp":1446039781000},"page":"25912-25933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Combined Treatments with Photodynamic Therapy for  Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Lucena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Gracia-Caza\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, Barbastro Hospital, 22300 Barbastro, Spain"},{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Sciences Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Zamarr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Divisions, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngeles","family":"Juarranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Gilaberte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Sciences Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, San Jorge Hospital, 22005 Huesca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1586\/era.10.154","article-title":"Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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