{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:24:30Z","timestamp":1781821470693,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this pilot study was to apply a novel combined metabolomic and proteomic approach in analysis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The investigation was performed with plasma samples derived from pregnant women with diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 18) and a matched control group (n = 13). The mass spectrometry-based analyses allowed to determine 42 free amino acids and low molecular-weight peptide profiles. Different expressions of several peptides and altered amino acid profiles were observed in the analyzed groups. The combination of proteomic and metabolomic data allowed obtaining the model with a high discriminatory power, where amino acids ethanolamine, l-citrulline, l-asparagine, and peptide ions with m\/z 1488.59; 4111.89 and 2913.15 had the highest contribution to the model. The sensitivity (94.44%) and specificity (84.62%), as well as the total group membership classification value (90.32%) calculated from the post hoc classification matrix of a joint model were the highest when compared with a single analysis of either amino acid levels or peptide ion intensities. The obtained results indicated a high potential of integration of proteomic and metabolomics analysis regardless the sample size. This promising approach together with clinical evaluation of the subjects can also be used in the study of other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T10:11:27Z","timestamp":1450260687000},"page":"30034-30045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Combined Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Hajduk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Pozna\u0144 60-780, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Klupczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Pozna\u0144 60-780, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Derezi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Pozna\u0144 60-780, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Pozna\u0144 60-780, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kokot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Ward, District Hospital in Mielec, 22a \u017beromskiego Street, Mielec 39-300, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmentof Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u015awi\u0119cickiego 4 Street, Pozna\u0144 60-781, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena","family":"Gaj\u0119cka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmentof Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u015awi\u0119cickiego 4 Street, Pozna\u0144 60-781, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32 Strzeszy\u0144ska Street, Pozna\u0144 60-479, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Nowak-Markwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Street, Pozna\u0144 60-535, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenon","family":"Kokot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Pozna\u0144 60-780, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902430","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes","volume":"361","author":"Landon","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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