{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:47:18Z","timestamp":1780634838897,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability, with limited treatment options available. Inflammation contributes to damage tissue in the central nervous system across a broad range of neuropathologies, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease, pain, Schizophrenia, and stroke. While the immune system plays an important role in contributing to brain damage produced by ischemia, the damaged brain, in turn, can exert a powerful immune-suppressive effect that promotes infections and threatens the survival of stroke patients. Recently the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, in particular its modulation using \u03b17-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (\u03b17-nAChR) ligands, has shown potential as a strategy to dampen the inflammatory response and facilitate functional recovery in stroke patients. Here we discuss the current literature on stroke-induced inflammation and the effects of \u03b17-nAChR modulators on innate immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1449644790000},"page":"29029-29046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Innate Immunity and Inflammation Post-Stroke: An \u03b17-Nicotinic Agonist Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Silke","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Balle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Chebib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0","article-title":"Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view","volume":"22","author":"Dirnagl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0607362","article-title":"Detection of immune danger signals by nalp3","volume":"83","author":"Martinon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. 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