{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:43:19Z","timestamp":1784004199391,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP 1555\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP 1555\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by histopathological and biochemical manifestations such as loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons and decrease in dopamine levels accompanied by a concomitant neuroinflammatory response in the affected brain regions. Over the past decades, the use of toxin-based animal models has been crucial to elucidate disease pathophysiology, and to develop therapeutic approaches aimed to alleviate its motor symptoms. Analyses of transgenic mice deficient for cytokines, chemokine as well as neurotrophic factors and their respective receptors in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD have broadened the current knowledge of neuroinflammation and neurotrophic support. Here, we provide a comprehensive review that summarises the contribution of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. Moreover, we highlight the contribution of neurotrophic factors as endogenous and\/or exogenous molecules to slow the progression of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and further discuss the potential of combined therapeutic approaches employing neuroinflammation modifying agents and neurotrophic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T10:00:42Z","timestamp":1453802442000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurotrophic Factor-Induced Protection in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease-Lessons from Transgenic Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5214-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venissa","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstra\u00dfe 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg,  Albertstra\u00dfe 19A, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Sch\u00e4nzlestra\u00dfe 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Z\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstra\u00dfe 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Sch\u00e4nzlestra\u00dfe 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstra\u00dfe 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelraheim","family":"Attaai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstra\u00dfe 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Sch\u00e4nzlestra\u00dfe 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Spittau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstra\u00dfe 17, Freiburg 79104, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.09.014","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and age: The obvious but largely unexplored link","volume":"68","author":"Abdullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. 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