{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:22:17Z","timestamp":1785514937078,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funded by FP7\/2007-2013 under grant agreement n\u00b0HEALTH-F2-2009-241762 for the project FLIP and by PRIN 2009ARYX4T."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism can impact on metabolic conditions, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This work studied the increase in total FFA shown in NAFLD subjects to possibly characterize which fatty acids significantly accounted for the whole increase. Methods: 21 patients with NAFLD were selected according to specified criteria. The control group consisted of nine healthy subjects. All subjects underwent an oral standard fat load. Triglycerides; cholesterol; FFA; glucose and insulin were measured every 2 h with the determination of fatty acid composition of FFA. Results: higher serum FFA levels in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids at different times. Significant increases were shown for docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, and arachidonic acid, although this was just on one occasion. In the postprandial phase, homeostatic model assessment HOMA index positively correlated with the \u03c93\/\u03c96 ratio in NAFLD patients. Conclusions: the higher serum levels of FFA in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic and palmitic acids which are the most abundant circulating free fatty acids. This is almost exactly corresponded with significant increases in linoleic acid. An imbalance in the n-3\/n-6 fatty acids ratio could modulate postprandial responses with more pronounced effects in insulin-resistant subjects, such as NAFLD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T10:27:21Z","timestamp":1459420041000},"page":"479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Different Serum Free Fatty Acid Profiles in NAFLD Subjects and Healthy Controls after Oral Fat Load"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gambino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bugianesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Mezzabotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pinach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalina","family":"Alemanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Cassader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.7.1021","article-title":"Abdominal obesity, impaired nonesterified fatty acid suppression, and insulin-mediated glucose disposal are early metabolic abnormalities in families with premature myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Kooner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arterioscler. 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