{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:04:52Z","timestamp":1787504692560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca Corrente Italian Ministry of Health","award":["201502P003496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201502P003496"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence and type of viral genomes have been suggested as the main etiology for inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Information on the clinical implication of this finding in a large population of children is lacking. We evaluated the prevalence, type, and clinical impact of specific viral genomes in endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) collected between 2001 and 2013 among 63 children admitted to our hospital for acute heart failure (median age 2.8 years). Viral genome was searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients underwent a complete two-dimensional echocardiographic examination at hospital admission and at discharge and were followed-up for 10 years. Twenty-seven adverse events (7 deaths and 20 cardiac transplantations) occurred during the follow-up. Viral genome was amplified in 19\/63 biopsies (35%); PVB19 was the most commonly isolated virus. Presence of specific viral genome was associated with a significant recovery in ejection fraction, compared to patients without viral evidence (p &lt; 0.05). In Cox-regression analysis, higher survival rate was related to virus-positive biopsies (p &lt; 0.05). When comparing long-term prognosis among different viral groups, a trend towards better prognosis was observed in the presence of isolated Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) (p = 0.07). In our series, presence of a virus-positive EMB (mainly PVB19) was associated with improvement over time in cardiac function and better long-term prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T10:31:20Z","timestamp":1459506680000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Impact of Specific Viruses on Clinical Outcome in Children Presenting with Acute Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Fierabracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Viale S. Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Pilati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Chinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit and Chair of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Francalanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Children\u2019s Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2010.05.009","article-title":"Myocarditis in children","volume":"6","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-009-9339-z","article-title":"Myocarditis: Infection versus autoimmunity","volume":"29","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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