{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:56:27Z","timestamp":1783702587790,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]],"date-time":"2016-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional \u2013 FEDER","award":["PI04\/1688, PI12-00620, AC-0073-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI04\/1688, PI12-00620, AC-0073-2013"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Espa\u00f1ola del Medicamento."},{"name":"CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary supplements (DS) are extensively consumed worldwide despite unproven efficacy. The true incidence of DS-induced liver injury (DSILI) is unknown but is probably under-diagnosed due to the general belief of safety of these products. Reported cases of herbals and DS-induced liver injury are increasing worldwide. The aim of this manuscript is to report a tabular listing with a description of DS associated with hepatotoxicity as well as review the phenotype and severity of DSILI. Natural remedies related to hepatotoxicity can be divided into herbal product-induced liver injury and DS-induced liver injury. In this article, we describe different DS associated with liver injury, some of them manufactured DS containing several ingredients (Herbalife\u2122 products, Hydroxycut\u2122, LipoKinetix\u2122, UCP-1 and OxyELITE\u2122) while others have a single ingredient (green tea extract, linoleic acid, usnic acid, 1,3-Dimethylamylamine, vitamin A, Garcinia cambogia and ma huang). Additional DS containing some of the aforementioned ingredients implicated in liver injury are also covered. We have also included illicit androgenic anabolic steroids for bodybuilding in this work, as they are frequently sold under the denomination of DS despite being conventional drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,11]],"date-time":"2016-04-11T12:07:36Z","timestamp":1460376456000},"page":"537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Hepatotoxicity by Dietary Supplements: A Tabular Listing and Clinical Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miren","family":"Garc\u00eda-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ed\u0131nica and Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Hepatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Robles-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ed\u0131nica and Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Hepatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Ortega-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ed\u0131nica and Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Hepatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Medina-Caliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ed\u0131nica and Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Hepatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ed\u0131nica and Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Hepatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318266b08f","article-title":"The European role on traditional herbal medicinal products and traditional plant food supplements","volume":"46","author":"Serafini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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