{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T01:15:11Z","timestamp":1771982111751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["81100695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81100695"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctival fibroblast (HConF) biology. To investigate the potential role of chloride channel (CLC)-2 in migration, transition to myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of HconF, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was applied. TGF-\u03b21-induced migration and transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts characterized by \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression, supported by increased endogenous expression of CLC-2 protein and mRNA transcripts. ECM (collagen I and fibronectin) synthesis in HConF was enhanced by TGF-\u03b21. CLC-2 siRNA treatment reduced TGF-\u03b21-induced cell migration, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and ECM synthesis of HConF. CLC-2 siRNA treatment in the presence of TGF-\u03b21 inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in HConF. These findings demonstrate that CLC-2 chloride channels are important for TGF-\u03b21-induced migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis via PI3K\/Akt signaling in HConF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T12:38:18Z","timestamp":1465475898000},"page":"910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The CLC-2 Chloride Channel Modulates ECM Synthesis, Differentiation, and Migration of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts via the PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lixia","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00085-3","article-title":"Low-dose 5-fluorouracil trabeculectomy as initial surgery in uncomplicated glaucoma: Long-term followup","volume":"107","author":"Rothman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200104000-00011","article-title":"Modulation of wound healing after glaucoma surgery","volume":"12","author":"Khaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. 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