{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:21:15Z","timestamp":1771042875880,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan","award":["DTCRD105-I-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTCRD105-I-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and titer of anti-carbamylated 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (anti-CarGRP78) antibody in serum from controls, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome (pSS). Thirty-three RA patients, 20 SLE patients, 20 pSS patients, and 20 controls were enrolled from our outpatient clinic. GRP78 was cloned and carbamylated. Serum titers of anti- cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), anti-GRP78, and anti-CarGRP78 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No differences in serum titers of anti-GRP78 antibody in patients with RA, SLE, or pSS compared with the controls were observed. Serum levels of anti-carGRP78 antibody in patients with RA, but not SLE or pSS, were significantly higher compared with the controls (OD405 0.15 \u00b1 0.08 versus 0.11 \u00b1 0.03, p = 0.033). There was a positive correlation between the serum levels of anti-GRP78 antibody, but not anti-CarGRP78 antibody, with the levels of anti-CCP antibody in patients with RA. Both anti-GRP78 and anti-carGRP78 antibodies failed to correlate with C-reactive protein levels in patients with RA. In conclusion, we demonstrated the presence of anti-CarGRP78 antibody in patients with RA. In addition, the serum titer of anti-CarGRP78 antibody was significantly elevated in patients with RA compared with the controls. Anti-CarGRP78 antibody could also be detected in patients with SLE or pSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T10:08:36Z","timestamp":1473329316000},"page":"1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Increased Serum Levels of Anti-Carbamylated 78-kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein Antibody in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hui-Chun","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Hsuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning-Sheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1492","article-title":"The human endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone BiP is an autoantigen for rheumatoid arthritis and prevents the induction of experimental arthritis","volume":"166","author":"Corrigall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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