{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:34:45Z","timestamp":1785335685886,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI12C0135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI12C0135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schwann cells (SCs), which produce neurotropic factors and adhesive molecules, have been reported previously to contribute to structural support and guidance during axonal regeneration; therefore, they are potentially a crucial target in the restoration of injured nervous tissues. Autologous SC transplantation has been performed and has shown promising clinical results for treating nerve injuries and donor site morbidity, and insufficient production of the cells have been considered as a major issue. Here, we performed differentiation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) into SC-like cells (T-MSC-SCs), to evaluate T-MSC-SCs as an alternative to SCs. Using SC markers such as CAD19, GFAP, MBP, NGFR, S100B, and KROX20 during quantitative real-time PCR we detected the upregulation of NGFR, S100B, and KROX20 and the downregulation of CAD19 and MBP at the fully differentiated stage. Furthermore, we found myelination of axons when differentiated SCs were cocultured with mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. The application of T-MSC-SCs to a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury produced marked improvements in gait and promoted regeneration of damaged nerves. Thus, the transplantation of human T-MSCs might be suitable for assisting in peripheral nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T10:09:39Z","timestamp":1478686179000},"page":"1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into a Schwann Cell Phenotype and Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3053-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namhee","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell &amp; Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonsil","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ha","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6060-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inho","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Ok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3174-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22852","article-title":"New insights on schwann cell development","volume":"63","author":"Monk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-110","article-title":"Wallerian degeneration: Gaining perspective on inflammatory events after peripheral nerve injury","volume":"8","author":"Gaudet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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