{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:48:08Z","timestamp":1767703688298,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC95-2314-B-006-073-MY2","MOST103-2314-B-039-005","MOST101-2410-H-845-015-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC95-2314-B-006-073-MY2","MOST103-2314-B-039-005","MOST101-2410-H-845-015-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Medical University and Asia University","award":["CMU99-ASIA-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU99-ASIA-04"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial and Research Center of Excellence","award":["MOHW105-TDU-B-212-133019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW105-TDU-B-212-133019"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Higher Education","award":["No 2012-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 2012-47"]}]},{"name":"University of Taipei"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate whether the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy will increase cardiac Fas receptor and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, histopathological analysis, the TUNEL assay and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from three groups of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were divided into a sham-operated group (SHR-Sham), bilaterally ovariectomized group (SHR-OVX) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Compared with the WKY group, the SHR-Sham group exhibited decreased protein levels of ER\u03b1, ER\u03b2, p-Akt\/Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Bad and decreased further in the SHR-OVX group, as well as protein levels of t-Bid, Bak, Bad, Bax, cytochrome c, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptosis) increased in the SHR-Sham group and increased further in the SHR-OVX group. Compared with the WKY group, protein levels of Fas ligand, TNF-\u03b1, Fas death receptors, TNFR1, FADD and activated caspase-8 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptosis) increased in the SHR-Sham group, but did not increase in the SHR-OVX group, except Fas ligand and TNF-\u03b1. The coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy attenuated the estrogen receptor survival pathway and appeared to additively increase the cardiac mitochondria-dependent, but not the Fas receptor-dependent apoptosis pathway, which might provide one possible mechanism for the development of cardiac abnormalities in hypertensive postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T10:07:17Z","timestamp":1481018837000},"page":"2036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Coexistence of Hypertension and Ovariectomy Additively Increases Cardiac Apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6147-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Xi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woei-Cherng","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Lan","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzer-Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hua","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai-Lun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Da","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000670","article-title":"The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause","volume":"12","author":"Staessen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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