{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1769828749318,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We studied the mechanism by which fermented milk ameliorates UV-B-induced skin damage and determined the active components in milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria by evaluating erythema formation, dryness, epidermal proliferation, DNA damage and cytokine mRNA levels in hairless mice exposed to acute UV-B irradiation. Methods: Nine week-old hairless mice were given fermented milk (1.3 g\/kg BW\/day) or exopolysaccharide (EPS) concentrate (70 mg\/kg BW\/day) orally for ten days. Seven days after fermented milk or EPS administration began, the dorsal skin of the mice was exposed to a single dose of UV-B (20 mJ\/cm2). Results: Ingestion of either fermented milk or EPS significantly attenuated UV-B-induced erythema formation, dryness and epidermal proliferation in mouse skin. Both fermented milk and EPS were associated with a significant decrease in cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and upregulated mRNA levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), which is involved in DNA repair. Furthermore, administration of either fermented milk or EPS significantly suppressed increases in the ratio of interleukin (IL)-10\/IL-12a and IL-10\/interferon-gamma mRNA levels. Conclusion: Together, these results indicate that EPS isolated from milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria enhanced DNA repair mechanisms and modulated skin immunity to protect skin against UV damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T10:08:37Z","timestamp":1484302117000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Exopolysaccharides Isolated from Milk Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevent Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Masashi","family":"Morifuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Kitade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Fukasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taketo","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Ichihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saisei Mirai Clinic Kobe, Kobe Commerce, Industry and Trade Center Building 23F, 5-1-14 Hamabedori, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 651-0083, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00150-1","article-title":"UV-induced skin damage","volume":"189","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FO00280F","article-title":"Skin protection against UV light by dietary antioxidants","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12605921","article-title":"Effect of topically applied tocopherol on ultraviolet radiation-mediated free radical damage in skin","volume":"104","author":"Jurkiewicz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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