{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:10:35Z","timestamp":1780438235063,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We investigated the potential role of several pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs; CD11b, CD11c, CD32, CD206, CD209, and dectin-1) in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease (AOSD). Methods: The study included 13 untreated AOSD patients, 19 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (as a disease control), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). The PRRs were quantified in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. The serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-18, and IL-23 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Significantly higher mean frequencies of cells presenting CD11b and CD32 from whole blood were observed in patients with AOSD than in patients with RA or HC. The levels of IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23 were elevated in AOSD patients compared to HCs. CD11b frequencies from whole cells correlated with systemic scores, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, aspartate transaminase levels, interleukin-23 (IL-23) levels, and IL-18. Frequencies of CD209 from granulocytes were significantly correlated with systemic scores, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and levels of C-reactive protein, ferritin, LDH, IL-23, and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Conclusions: Elevated frequencies of circulating CD11b-positive cells and positive correlations with disease activity markers suggest that circulating CD11b-positive cells contribute to the pathogenesis of AOSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1484823340000},"page":"202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Highly Expression of CD11b and CD32 on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Adult-Onset Still\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hyoun-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bunsoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hee","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Yang","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonghyang","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2008.08.006","article-title":"Adult-onset Still disease","volume":"22","author":"Fautrel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.9.764","article-title":"Adult onset Still\u2019s disease and viral infections","volume":"47","author":"Wouters","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199103000-00004","article-title":"Adult Still\u2019s disease: Manifestations, disease course, and outcome in 62 patients","volume":"70","author":"Pouchot","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290316","article-title":"Adult-onset Still\u2019s disease. Disease course and HLA associations","volume":"29","author":"Wouters","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.01.027","article-title":"Significant association of past parvovirus B19 infection with cytopenia in both adult-onset Still\u2019s disease and systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"413","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308096069","article-title":"Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91184-N","article-title":"Adult Still\u2019s disease associated with acute human parvovirus B19 infection","volume":"341","author":"Pouchot","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"2189","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in sera and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2422","article-title":"Serum cytokine profiles in patients with adult onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq397","article-title":"Markedly increased IL-18 liver expression in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease-related hepatitis","volume":"50","author":"Priori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.009928","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVI. Pattern recognition receptors in health and disease","volume":"67","author":"Bryant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","article-title":"The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: Update on Toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24349","article-title":"The myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 complex, a novel ligand of toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-1\u03b2 form a positive feedback mechanism in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Frosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120079","article-title":"Serum S100A8\/A9, but not follistatin-like protein 1 and interleukin 18, may be a useful biomarker of disease activity in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R218","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4057","article-title":"Mannose binding lectin: A biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity","volume":"14","author":"Panda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.04.015","article-title":"Significance of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN expression in psoriasis vulgaris lesions","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9821-x","article-title":"Expression and function of dectin-1 is defective in monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Baranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3732-10.2011","article-title":"HMGB1 acts on microglia Mac1 to mediate chronic neuroinflammation that drives progressive neurodegeneration","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0497-414","article-title":"Mac-1 (CD11b\/CD18) is an oligodeoxynucleotide-binding protein","volume":"3","author":"Benimetskaya","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3045","article-title":"Beta-glucan, a \u201cspecific\u201d biologic response modifier that uses antibodies to target tumors for cytotoxic recognition by leukocyte complement receptor type 3 (CD11b\/CD18)","volume":"163","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12373","article-title":"The many faces of Mac-1 in autoimmune disease","volume":"269","author":"Rosetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12515","article-title":"Kinetics of leukocyte CD11b and CD64 expression in severe sepsis and non-infectious critical care patients","volume":"59","author":"Jamsa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313491851","article-title":"The CD11b-integrin (ITGAM) and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"22","author":"Fagerholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.1.19","article-title":"Molecular basis for a polymorphism of human Fc gamma receptor II (CD32)","volume":"172","author":"Warmerdam","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364121","article-title":"Fc gamma R expression on NK cells influences disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Cunningham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90166-I","article-title":"Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity: Molecular aspects and clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Capel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh112","article-title":"Expression of Fcgamma and complement receptors on peripheral blood monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Hepburn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"211","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood monocytes isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Shinohara","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00817.x","article-title":"Monocyte activation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Increased integrin, Fc gamma and complement receptor expression and the effect of glucocorticoids","volume":"115","author":"Torsteinsdottir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for clinical remission for select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.03.007","article-title":"Soluble ST2 as a marker of disease activity in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3610","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425914","article-title":"Interaction of ICAM-1 with \u03b2 2-integrin CD11c\/CD18: Characterization of a peptide ligand that mimics a putative binding site on domain D4 of ICAM-1","volume":"35","author":"Frick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.51.2.109","article-title":"Macrophage cytoskeleton association with CR3 and CR4 regulates receptor mobility and phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized erythrocytes","volume":"51","author":"Ross","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12679","article-title":"Expression of CD11c and EMR2 on neutrophils: Potential diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis and systemic inflammation","volume":"182","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41613","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207057200","article-title":"Recognition of bacterial capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides by the macrophage mannose receptor","volume":"277","author":"Zamze","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069540","article-title":"Mannose receptor-mediated regulation of serum glycoprotein homeostasis","volume":"295","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R114","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2517","article-title":"Myeloid dendritic cells display downregulation of C-type lectin receptors and aberrant lectin uptake in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Monrad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaku, Y., Imaoka, H., Morimatsu, Y., Komohara, Y., Ohnishi, K., Oda, H., Takenaka, S., Matsuoka, M., Kawayama, T., Takeya, M., and Hoshino, T. (2014). Overexpression of CD163, CD204 and CD206 on alveolar macrophages in the lungs of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087400"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002470","article-title":"N2 neutrophils, novel players in brain inflammation after stroke: Modulation by the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone","volume":"44","author":"Cuartero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0350-2","article-title":"DC-SIGN and L-SIGN: The SIGNs for infection","volume":"86","author":"Khoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12723","article-title":"DC-SIGN expression on podocytes and its role in inflammatory immune response of lupus nephritis","volume":"183","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0910-1","article-title":"A critical role of Dectin-1 in hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"65","author":"Matsuba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3549","article-title":"The induction of inflammation by dectin-1 in vivo is dependent on myeloid cell programming and the progression of phagocytosis","volume":"181","author":"Rosas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"424","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for classification of adult Still\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/1\/202\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:26:33Z","timestamp":1760207193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/1\/202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms18010202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18010202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]}}}