{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:10:48Z","timestamp":1760242248074,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alternative methods for accurate in vitro assessment of skin and respiratory sensitizers are urgently needed. Sensitization is a complex biological process that cannot be evaluated accurately using single events or biomarkers, since the information content is too restricted in these measurements. On the contrary, if the tremendous information content harbored in DNA\/mRNA could be mined, most complex biological processes could be elucidated. Genomic technologies available today, including transcriptional profiling and next generation sequencing, have the power to decipher sensitization, when used in the right context. Thus, a genomic test platform has been developed, denoted the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay. Due to the high informational content of the GARD test, accurate predictions of both the skin and respiratory sensitizing capacity of chemicals, have been demonstrated. Based on a matured dendritic cell line, acting as a human-like reporter system, information about potency has also been acquired. Consequently, multiparametric diagnostic technologies are disruptive test principles that can change the way in which the next generation of alternative methods are designed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T10:20:29Z","timestamp":1485253229000},"page":"241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Testing Human Skin and Respiratory Sensitizers\u2014What Is Good Enough?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anki","family":"Malmborg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SenzaGen AB, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Borrebaeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SenzaGen AB, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (bldg 406), S-223 81 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1555-0","article-title":"Reporter cell lines for skin sensitization testing","volume":"89","author":"Natsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. 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