{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:00:06Z","timestamp":1790391606814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research"},{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollution of anthropogenic origin is largely from the combustion of biomass (e.g., wood), fossil fuels (e.g., cars and trucks), incinerators, landfills, agricultural activities and tobacco smoke. Air pollution is a complex mixture that varies in space and time, and contains hundreds of compounds including volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene), metals, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, ozone and particulate matter (PM). PM0.1 (ultrafine particles (UFP)), those particles with a diameter less than 100 nm (includes nanoparticles (NP)) are considered especially dangerous to human health and may contribute significantly to the development of numerous respiratory and cardiovascular diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerosis. Some of the pathogenic mechanisms through which PM0.1 may contribute to chronic disease is their ability to induce inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death by molecular mechanisms that include transcription factors such as nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Epigenetic mechanisms including non-coding RNA (ncRNA) may also contribute towards the development of chronic disease associated with exposure to PM0.1. This paper highlights emerging molecular concepts associated with inhalational exposure to PM0.1 and their ability to contribute to chronic respiratory and systemic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T10:20:29Z","timestamp":1485253229000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Inhaled Pollutants: The Molecular Scene behind Respiratory and Systemic Diseases Associated with Ultrafine Particulate Matter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hussein","family":"Traboulsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necola","family":"Guerrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusica","family":"Maysinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5269-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Ariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Baglole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7108.1","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and impaired lung function","volume":"5","author":"Paulin","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000 Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500802494538","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter and human health: Toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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