{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:47:32Z","timestamp":1792205252958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The new drugs delamanid and bedaquiline are increasingly being used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The World Health Organization, based on lack of evidence, recommends their use under specific conditions and not in combination. No systematic review has yet evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of delamanid and bedaquiline used in combination. A search of peer-reviewed, scientific evidence was carried out, aimed at evaluating the efficacy\/effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of delamanid and bedaquiline-containing regimens in individuals with pulmonary\/extrapulmonary disease, which were bacteriologically confirmed as M\/XDR-TB. We used PubMed to identify any relevant manuscripts in English up to the 23 December 2016, excluding editorials and reviews. Three out of 75 manuscripts retrieved satisfied the inclusion criteria, whilst 72 were excluded for dealing with only one drug (three studies), being recommendations (one study) or identifying need for their use (one study), focusing on drug resistance aspects (six studies) or being generic reviews\/other studies (61 papers). The studies retrieved reported two XDR-TB cases observed for six months and achieving consistent sputum smear and culture conversion. Case 2 experienced a short break of bedaquiline, which was re-started after introducing verapamil. After a transient and symptom-free increase of the QT interval from week 5 to 17, it then decreased below the 500 ms threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T12:08:18Z","timestamp":1486469298000},"page":"341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Combined Use of Delamanid and Bedaquiline to Treat Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Migliori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Institute, IRCCS Tradate 21049, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-0442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pontali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa 16128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sotgiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosella","family":"Centis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Institute, IRCCS Tradate 21049, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Institute, IRCCS Tradate 21049, Italy"},{"name":"Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano CH-6904, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Tiberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Tadolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Highly Intensity Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016). 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