{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:46:50Z","timestamp":1791348410309,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bligh and Dyer (B &amp; D) or Folch procedures for the extraction and separation of lipids from microorganisms and biological tissues using chloroform\/methanol\/water have been used tens of thousands of times and are \u201cgold standards\u201d for the analysis of extracted lipids. Based on the Conductor-like Screening MOdel for realistic Solvatation (COSMO-RS), we select ethanol and ethyl acetate as being potentially suitable for the substitution of methanol and chloroform. We confirm this by performing solid\u2013liquid extraction of yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica IFP29) and subsequent liquid\u2013liquid partition\u2014the two steps of routine extraction. For this purpose, we consider similar points in the ternary phase diagrams of water\/methanol\/chloroform and water\/ethanol\/ethyl acetate, both in the monophasic mixtures and in the liquid\u2013liquid miscibility gap. Based on high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to obtain the distribution of lipids classes, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector (GC\/FID) to obtain fatty acid profiles, this greener solvents pair is found to be almost as effective as the classic methanol\u2013chloroform couple in terms of efficiency and selectivity of lipids and non-lipid material. Moreover, using these bio-sourced solvents as an alternative system is shown to be as effective as the classical system in terms of the yield of lipids extracted from microorganism tissues, independently of their apparent hydrophilicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T10:49:10Z","timestamp":1490611750000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":328,"title":["\u201cBligh and Dyer\u201d and Folch Methods for Solid\u2013Liquid\u2013Liquid Extraction of Lipids from Microorganisms. Comprehension of Solvatation Mechanisms and towards Substitution with Alternative Solvents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Breil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GREEN (Groupe de Recherche en Eco-Extraction de Produits Naturels), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, INRA, UMR 408, GREEN, F-84000 Avignon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryline","family":"Abert Vian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GREEN (Groupe de Recherche en Eco-Extraction de Produits Naturels), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, INRA, UMR 408, GREEN, F-84000 Avignon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zemb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie S\u00e9parative de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols Sur C\u00e8ze, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Chemat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GREEN (Groupe de Recherche en Eco-Extraction de Produits Naturels), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, INRA, UMR 408, GREEN, F-84000 Avignon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meullemiestre, A., Breil, C., Vian, M., and Chemat, F. 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