{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1791925753581,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We substantiated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 (PPAR-\u03b3) activation in the protective effect of apigenin against the myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg\/kg). The study groups included diabetic rats receiving vehicle, apigenin (75 mg\/kg\/day, orally), GW9662 (1 mg\/kg\/day, intraperitoneally), and a combination of apigenin and GW9662 for 14 days. The MI was induced in all the study groups except the diabetic control group by subcutaneous injection of 100 mg\/kg\/day of isoproterenol on the two terminal days. The diabetes and isoproterenol-induced MI was evident as a reduction in the maximal positive and negative rate of developed left ventricular pressure and an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The activities of creatine kinase on myocardial bundle (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also reduced. Apigenin treatment prevented the hemodynamic perturbations, restored the left ventricular function and reinstated a balanced redox status. It protected rats against an MI by attenuating myonecrosis, edema, cell death, and oxidative stress. GW9662, a PPAR-\u03b3 antagonist reversed the myocardial protection conferred by apigenin. Further, an increase in the PPAR-\u03b3 expression in the myocardium of the rats receiving apigenin reinforces the role of PPAR-\u03b3 pathway activation in the cardioprotective effects of apigenin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1491300912000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The Protective Effect of Apigenin on Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats mediating Activation of the PPAR-\u03b3 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Umesh","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govind","family":"Chandrayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandragouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharamvir","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Suchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogeeta","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7801-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreesh","family":"Ojha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box, 17666 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0391-8","article-title":"Achievement of treatment goals for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction or stroke in 29,325 patients with type 2 diabetes: A German\/Austrian DPV-multicenter analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085586","article-title":"Distinct changes of myocyte autophagy during myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure: Association with oxidative stress","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. 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