{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:35:15Z","timestamp":1791952515931,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are complications after liver transplantation involving high morbidity and mortality. (1,3)-\u03b2-d-glucan (BG) is a biomarker for IFI, but its utility remains uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of BG following their diagnosis. Between January 2013 and May 2016, 271 liver transplants were performed in our institution. Serum samples were tested for BG (Fungitell\u00ae, Associates Cape Code Inc., Falmouth, MA, USA) at least weekly between liver transplantation and the discharge of patients. Nineteen patients (7%) were diagnosed with IFI, including 13 cases of invasive candidiasis (IC), eight cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and one case of septic arthritis due to Scedosporium apiospernum. Using a single BG sample for the primary analysis of IFI, 95% (21\/22) of the subjects had positive BG (&gt;80 pg\/mL) at the time of IFI diagnosis. The area under the ROC curves to predict IFI was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73\u20130.83). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of BG for IFI were 75% (95% CI: 65\u201383), 65% (62\u201368), 17% (13\u201321), and 96% (94\u201397), respectively. Based on their high NPV, the BG test appears to constitute a good biomarker to rule out a diagnosis of IFI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T10:22:01Z","timestamp":1492597321000},"page":"862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Detection of (1,3)-\u03b2-d-Glucan for the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Levesque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"INSERM, Unit U955, 94100 Creteil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaid","family":"Noorah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawel","family":"A\u00eft-Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Unit\u2013Microbiology department, DHU \u201cVirus, Immunit\u00e9, Cancer\u201d VIC, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 94100 Creteil, France"},{"name":"EA Dynamyc Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), Ecole National V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort (ENVA), Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 8 rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Sarrail, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Cordonnier-Jourdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Unit, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Mar\u00e9chal De Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"El Anbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Unit\u2013Microbiology department, DHU \u201cVirus, Immunit\u00e9, Cancer\u201d VIC, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 94100 Creteil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bonnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Unit\u2013Microbiology department, DHU \u201cVirus, Immunit\u00e9, Cancer\u201d VIC, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 94100 Creteil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 94100 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Botterel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Unit\u2013Microbiology department, DHU \u201cVirus, Immunit\u00e9, Cancer\u201d VIC, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, 94100 Creteil, France"},{"name":"EA Dynamyc Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), Ecole National V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort (ENVA), Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 8 rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Sarrail, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1086\/651262","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: Results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)","volume":"50","author":"Pappas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. 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