{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:41:39Z","timestamp":1790311299632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan\u2019s Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["NSC 102-2313-B-126-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 102-2313-B-126-001-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan\u2019s Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 105-2628-B-126-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-2628-B-126-002-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arbutin (Arb) and deoxyArbutin (dA) are both effective hypopigmentation agents. However, they are glucoside derivatives of hydroquinone (HQ), which may be decayed into HQ under higher energy environments. Therefore, safety and toxicity are very important issues when considering the usage of these compounds. However, no study has verified the properties of Ultra-Violet B (UVB)-irradiated Arb and dA. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity and hypopigmentation effects of UVB-irradiated Arb and dA in Detroit 551 human fibroblast cells and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results showed that UVB-irradiated Arb and dA have strong cytotoxicity for the fibroblast cells, especially for dA, the caspase-3 is also activated by the treatment of UVB-irradiated dA in Detroit 551 cells. The results correlated with the produced HQ. In addition, UVB-irradiated Arb and dA suppressed the production of melanin in melanoma cells; this is due to the release of HQ that compensates for the UVB triggered Arb and dA decomposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18050969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T12:24:47Z","timestamp":1493814287000},"page":"969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Study of Hydroquinone Mediated Cytotoxicity and Hypopigmentation Effects from UVB-Irradiated Arbutin and DeoxyArbutin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nai-Fang","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Shyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Hsuan","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12305","article-title":"The effects of narrowbands of visible light upon some skin disorders: A review","volume":"38","author":"Greaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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