{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:06Z","timestamp":1760242386169,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1067209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1067209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society of WA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is not clear how the profile of immune cells in peripheral blood differs between patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and healthy controls (HC). This study aimed to identify a CIS peripheral blood signature that may provide clues for potential immunomodulatory approaches early in disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 18 people with CIS, 19 HC and 13 individuals with other demyelinating conditions (ODC) including multiple sclerosis (MS). Individuals with CIS separated into two groups, namely those with early (\u226414 days post-diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); n = 6) and late (\u226527 days; n = 12) blood sampling. Transitional B cells were increased in the blood of CIS patients independently of when blood was taken. However, there were two time-dependent effects found in the late CIS group relative to HC, including decreased CD56bright NK cells, which correlated significantly with time since MRI, and increased CD141+ myeloid dendritic cell (mDC2) frequencies. Higher CD1c+ B cells and lower non-classical monocyte frequencies were characteristic of more recent demyelinating disease activity (ODC and early CIS). Analysing cell populations by time since symptoms (subjective) and diagnostic MRI (objective) may contribute to understanding CIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T10:07:33Z","timestamp":1497521253000},"page":"1277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evolving Identification of Blood Cells Associated with Clinically Isolated Syndrome: Importance of Time since Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic MRI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Trend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0612-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Geldenhuys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Fabis-Pedrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Kermode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prue","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70274-5","article-title":"Clinically isolated syndromes","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248ra106","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008930","article-title":"Immunoglobulin class-switched B cells form an active immune axis between CNS and periphery in multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Palanichamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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