{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:14:23Z","timestamp":1781910863735,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biopolymer films based on apple skin powder (ASP) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were developed with the addition of apple skin extract (ASE) and tartaric acid (TA). ASP\/CMC composite films were prepared by mixing CMC with ASP solution using a microfluidization technique to reduce particle size. Then, various concentrations of ASE and TA were incorporated into the film solution as an antioxidant and an antimicrobial agent, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), optical, mechanical, water barrier, and solubility properties of the developed films were then evaluated to determine the effects of ASE and TA on physicochemical properties. The films were also analyzed for antioxidant effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella flexneri. From the results, the ASP\/CMC film containing ASE and TA was revealed to enhance the mechanical, water barrier, and solubility properties. Moreover, it showed the additional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for application as an active packaging film.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T10:07:33Z","timestamp":1497521253000},"page":"1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Inyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonjee","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Agents for Microorganisms, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyang","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunmi","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeyoung","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaejoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.08.049","article-title":"Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rodhopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films","volume":"99","author":"Guerrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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