{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:50:56Z","timestamp":1761562256480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Palladium is frequently used in dental materials, and sometimes causes metal allergy. It has been suggested that the immune response by palladium-specific T cells may be responsible for the pathogenesis of delayed-type hypersensitivity in study of palladium allergic model mice. In the clinical setting, glucocorticoids and antihistamine drugs are commonly used for treatment of contact dermatitis. However, the precise mechanism of immune suppression in palladium allergy remains unknown. We investigated inhibition of the immune response in palladium allergic mice by administration of prednisolone as a glucocorticoid and fexofenadine hydrochloride as an antihistamine. Compared with glucocorticoids, fexofenadine hydrochloride significantly suppressed the number of T cells by interfering with the development of antigen-presenting cells from the sensitization phase. Our results suggest that antihistamine has a beneficial effect on the treatment of palladium allergy compared to glucocorticoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T02:58:05Z","timestamp":1498532285000},"page":"1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fexofenadine Suppresses Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in the Murine Model of Palladium Allergy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-3-1 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-3-1 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-3-1 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Kitaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunari","family":"Nakasone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-3-1 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satsuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biological Science, Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-3-1 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01524.x","article-title":"Investigation of contact allergy to dental metals in 206 patients","volume":"60","author":"Raap","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00107.x","article-title":"Immunologic mechanisms in hypersensitivity reactions to metal ions: An overview","volume":"55","author":"Budinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104305","article-title":"Exacerbation of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris after topical application of metals accompanied by elevated levels of leukotriene B4 in pustules","volume":"42","author":"Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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