{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:08:23Z","timestamp":1784837303728,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New opportunities and ways towards ERC","award":["2014-2256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-2256"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and an extensive array of other symptoms including disordered sleep, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Important factors involved in the pathogenic process of fibromyalgia are inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that ant-inflammatory and\/or antioxidant supplementation might be effective in the management and modulation of this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that melatonin may be suitable for this purpose due to its well known ant-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic effects. Thus, in the current study, the effects of the oral supplementation of melatonin against fibromyalgia-related skeletal muscle alterations were evaluated. In detail, 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly treated with reserpine, to reproduce the pathogenic process of fibromyalgia and thereafter they received melatonin. The animals treated with reserpine showed moderate alterations at hind limb skeletal muscles level and had difficulty in moving, together with significant morphological and ultrastructural alterations and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Interestingly, melatonin, dose and\/or time dependently, reduced the difficulties in spontaneous motor activity and the musculoskeletal morphostructural, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations. This study suggests that melatonin in vivo may be an effective tool in the management of fibromyalgia-related musculoskeletal morphofunctional damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T10:40:04Z","timestamp":1498732804000},"page":"1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Oral Supplementation of Melatonin Protects against Fibromyalgia-Related Skeletal Muscle Alterations in Reserpine-Induced Myalgia Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Favero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Trapletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bonomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs\u2014(ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Stacchiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs\u2014(ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7646-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OIE Reference Laboratory for RHD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Rodella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs\u2014(ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Rezzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs\u2014(ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524016666160126144027","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and bipolar disorder: Emerging epidemiological associations and shared pathophysiology","volume":"16","author":"Bortolato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: A clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Clauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.03.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain","volume":"21","author":"McBeth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0215-3","article-title":"Melatonin therapy in fibromyalgia","volume":"11","author":"Reiter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12757","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: Management strategies for primary care providers","volume":"70","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.09.007","article-title":"Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia","volume":"122","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"6","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms of fibromyalgia and its related disorders","volume":"69","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christidis, N., Ghafouri, B., Larsson, A., Palstam, A., Mannerkorpi, K., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., L\u00f6fgren, M., Bjersing, J., Kosek, E., and Gerdle, B. (2015). Comparison of the levels of pro- inflammatory cytokines released in the vastus lateralis muscle of patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls during contractions of the quadriceps Muscle\u2014A microdialysis study. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143856"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2009.08.003","article-title":"Fascia: A missing link in our understanding of the pathology of fibromyalgia","volume":"14","author":"Liptan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-1072-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress in fibromyalgia and its relationship to symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordero, M.D., Alcocer-G\u00f3mez, E., Cano-Garc\u00eda, F.J., De Miguel, M., Carri\u00f3n, A.M., Navas, P., and S\u00e1nchez Alc\u00e1zar, J.A. (2011). Clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia are better associated to lipid peroxidation levels in blood mononuclear cells rather than in plasma. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026915"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1470-x","article-title":"Pathophysiology and antioxidant status of patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"31","author":"Iqbal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397111666150619095007","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: The prototypical central sensitivity syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Boomershine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.004762","article-title":"Increased DNA fragmentation and ultrastructural changes in fibromyalgic muscle fibres","volume":"63","author":"Sprott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R24","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00593.2012","article-title":"The influence of acute resistance exercise on cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 activity and protein levels in human skeletal muscle","volume":"305","author":"Carroll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2015-103392","article-title":"Mutation in cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA in a family with fibromyalgia is associated with NLRP3-inflammasome activation","volume":"53","author":"Cordero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2013.818657","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunctions due to oxidative and nitrosative stress in the chronic pain or chronic fatigue syndromes and fibromyalgia patients: Peripheral and central mechanisms as therapeutic targets?","volume":"17","author":"Meeus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.008","article-title":"Mitochondria: Diversity in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"21","author":"Gurung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00352","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species at the crossroads of inflammasome and inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Harijith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"149468","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of medicinal plants or related natural products for fibromyalgia: A systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Desantana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.05.004","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome\u2014Novel therapeutic targets","volume":"75","author":"Ablin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1207531","article-title":"Recent strategies for drug development in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-016-0049-y","article-title":"Melatonin in chronic pain syndromes","volume":"5","author":"Danilov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"S14","article-title":"The involvement of melatonin in the clinical status of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Pernambuco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T187","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0119","article-title":"60 years of neuroendocrinology: Regulation of mammalian neuroendocrine physiology and rhythms by melatonin","volume":"226","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00011.2014","article-title":"Melatonin: Exceeding expectations","volume":"29","author":"Reiter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12267","article-title":"Melatonin: An ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable","volume":"59","author":"Manchester","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.025","article-title":"Oral and spinal melatonin reduces tactile allodynia in rats via activation of MT2 and opioid receptors","volume":"132","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12360","article-title":"Melatonin as an antioxidant: Under promises but over delivers","volume":"61","author":"Reiter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"B5289","article-title":"The analgesic effects of exogenous melatonin in humans","volume":"63","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dan. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-015-0368-5","article-title":"The safety of melatonin in humans","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonaterra, G.A., Then, H., Oezel, L., Schwarzbach, H., Ocker, M., Thieme, K., Di Fazio, P., and Kinscherf, R. (2016). Morphological alterations in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in male and female mice in a fibromyalgia model. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151116"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.016","article-title":"Inflammation- induced decrease in voluntary wheel running in mice: A nonreflexive test for evaluating inflammatory pain and analgesia","volume":"153","author":"Cobos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.024","article-title":"Biogenic amine depletion causes chronic muscular pain and tactile allodynia accompanied by depression: A putative animal model of fibromyalgia","volume":"146","author":"Nagakura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.07.033","article-title":"Depressive-like symptoms in a reserpine-induced model of fibromyalgia in rats","volume":"151","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.02.038","article-title":"Nitric oxide pathway activity modulation alters the protective effects of (\u2212) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on reserpine-induced impairment in rats","volume":"305","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2011.00968.x","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy improves skeletal muscle performance, decreases skeletal muscle damage and modulates mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"87","author":"Tomazoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.11.023","article-title":"SIRT3 is a mitochondria-localized tumor suppressor required for maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and metabolism during stress","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.12.013","article-title":"Sirt3-mediated deacetylation of evolutionarily conserved lysine 122 regulates MnSOD activity in response to stress","volume":"40","author":"Tao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.001","article-title":"Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging","volume":"120","author":"Balaban","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-1471-4","article-title":"Purification and analysis of the interactions of caspase-1 and ASC for assembly of the inflammasome","volume":"175","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-013-6498-1","article-title":"Rosuvastatin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and MAPK pathways in a type 2 diabetes rat model","volume":"28","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.07.025","article-title":"Astilbin improves potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and kidney injury through regulating oxidative stress and inflammation response in mice","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Zanette, S.A., Vercelino, R., Laste, G., Rozisky, J.R., Schwertner, A., Machado, C.B., Xavier, F., de Souza, I.C., Deitos, A., and Torres, I.L. (2014). Melatonin analgesia is associated with improvement of the descending endogenous pain-modulating system in fibromyalgia: A phase II, randomized, double-dummy, controlled trial. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-6511-15-40"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050003","article-title":"The effect of melatonin in patients with fibromyalgia: A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Citera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00836.x","article-title":"Adjuvant use of melatonin for treatment of fibromyalgia","volume":"50","author":"Hussain","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.07.001","article-title":"Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob\/ob) mice","volume":"35","author":"Favero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16011209","article-title":"Analgesic, anxiolytic and anaesthetic effects of melatonin: New potential uses in pediatrics","volume":"16","author":"Marseglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12036","article-title":"Protective effect of melatonin on TNF-\u03b1-induced muscle atrophy in L6 myotubes","volume":"54","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150619104143","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants against oxidative stress: A review","volume":"22","author":"Ramis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x","article-title":"Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: A significant role for melatonin","volume":"36","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00895.x","article-title":"Analgesic effects of melatonin: A review of current evidence from experimental and clinical studies","volume":"51","author":"Wilhelmsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"5004","article-title":"Analgesic effects of melatonin on post-herpetic neuralgia","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Abelmann, A.C., Hatton, S.N., Robillard, R., Hermens, D.F., Bennett, M.R., Lagopoulos, J., and Hickie, I.B. (2016). Pineal volume and evening melatonin in young people with affective disorders. Brain Imaging Behav.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9650-2"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.01.015","article-title":"Melatonin produces a rapid onset and prolonged efficacy in reducing depression-like behaviors in adult rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress","volume":"642","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912800604489","article-title":"Melatonin in antinociception: Its therapeutic applications","volume":"10","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"77","article-title":"Combined neuromodulatory interventions in acute experimental pain: Assessment of melatonin and non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Laste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2016.1197906","article-title":"Potential drug therapies for the treatment of fibromyalgia","volume":"25","author":"Lawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460311.71572.5f","article-title":"Selective melatonin MT2 receptor ligands relieve neuropathic pain through modulation of brainstem descending antinociceptive pathways","volume":"156","author":"Palazzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posa, L., De Gregorio, D., Gobbi, G., and Comai, S. (2017). Targeting melatonin MT2 receptors: A novel pharmacological avenue for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Curr. Med. Chem.","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170209104926"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2012.28.1.47","article-title":"Beneficial effects of melatonin on stroke-induced muscle atrophy in focal cerebral ischemic rats","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9824","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9824-7","article-title":"A comparison of melatonin and \u00e1-lipoic acid in the induction of antioxidant defences in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells","volume":"37","author":"Favero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.09.023","article-title":"Different pathophysiology underlying animal models of fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain: Comparison of reserpine-induced myalgia and chronic constriction injury rats","volume":"226","author":"Nagakura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.04.007","article-title":"Systemic administration of 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists attenuates muscular hyperalgesia in reserpine-induced myalgia model","volume":"108","author":"Ogino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.11.023","article-title":"Behavioural phenotype of histamine H(4) receptor knockout mice: Focus on central neuronal functions","volume":"114","author":"Sanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.065","article-title":"Relationship between serotonin transporter occupancies and analgesic effects of AS1069562, the (+)-isomer of indeloxazine, and duloxetine in reserpine-induced myalgia rats","volume":"289","author":"Murai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02455-6","article-title":"Reversal of reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats by melatonin: Involvement of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors","volume":"904","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1081-7","article-title":"Effects of melatonin on orofacial movements in rats","volume":"161","author":"Vera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404632","article-title":"The clinical heterogeneity of coenzyme Q10 deficiency results from genotypic differences in the Coq9 gene","volume":"7","author":"Barca","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2015.57.2.82","article-title":"Impaired voluntary wheel running behavior in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.01.005","article-title":"Lactating and non-lactating rats differ in sensitivity to HgCl2: Protective effect of ZnCl2","volume":"28","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22370","article-title":"Acute mercuri exposition of virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats: Histopathological kidney and liver evaluations","volume":"32","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.103","article-title":"Effect of long-term treatment with melatonin on vascular markers of oxidative stress\/inflammation and on the anticontractile activity of perivascular fat in aging mice","volume":"40","author":"Favero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stacchiotti, A., Favero, G., Lavazza, A., Golic, I., Aleksic, M., Korac, A., Rodella, L.F., and Rezzani, R. (2016). Hepatic macrosteatosis is partially converted to microsteatosis by melatonin supplementation in ob\/ob mice non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148115"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.11.011","article-title":"Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction mediated by cyclophylin A and the atheroprotective effects of melatonin","volume":"92","author":"Rezzani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000324919","article-title":"Nicotine-induced morphological changes in rat aorta: The protective role of melatonin","volume":"195","author":"Rodella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/7\/1389\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:40:46Z","timestamp":1760208046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/7\/1389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms18071389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18071389","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]}}}