{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:44:34Z","timestamp":1790765074423,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia","award":["5450817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5450817"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Grants Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Education, Malaysia","award":["5524401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5524401"]}]},{"name":"Putra Grants of Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia","award":["9436300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9436300"]}]},{"name":"Putra Grants of Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia","award":["9503900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9503900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported as promising for the treatment of numerous degenerative disorders including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs exhibit the potential to regenerate into retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Delivery of MSCs was found to improve retinal morphology and function and delay retinal degeneration. In this review, we revisit the therapeutic role of MSCs in the diseased eye. Furthermore, we reveal the possible cellular mechanisms and identify the associated signaling pathways of MSCs in reversing the pathological conditions of various ocular disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Current stem cell treatment can be dispensed as an independent cell treatment format or with the combination of other approaches. Hence, the improvement of the treatment strategy is largely subjected by our understanding of MSCs mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1501236874000},"page":"1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Cellular Reparative Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Retinal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Suet","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooi","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.05.020","article-title":"The cell stress machinery and retinal degeneration","volume":"587","author":"Athanasiou","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"Retinal phototransduction","volume":"19","author":"Mannu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160819131904","article-title":"Seeing early signs of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease through the lens of the eye","volume":"14","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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