{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:59:51Z","timestamp":1789192791171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insulin-like growth factors play a key role for neuronal growth, differentiation, the survival of neurons and synaptic formation. The action of IGF-1 is most pronounced in the developing brain. In this paper we will try to give an answer to the following questions: Why are studies in children important? What clinical studies in neonatal asphyxia, infantile spasms, progressive encephalopathy\u2013hypsarrhythmia\u2013optical atrophy (PEHO) syndrome, infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and subacute sclerosing encephalopathy (SSPE) have been carried out? What are IGF-based therapeutic strategies? What are the therapeutic approaches? We conclude that there are now great hopes for the therapeutic use of IGF-1 for some neurological disorders (particularly ASD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T16:14:45Z","timestamp":1506442485000},"page":"2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Neurological Diseases in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Raili","family":"Riikonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology, Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90216-3","article-title":"IGF-1 gene distruption results in reduced brain size, CNS hypomyelination, and loss of hippocampal granule and striatal paralbumin-containing neurons","volume":"14","author":"Beck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, C., and Roberts, C. (1999). IGFs and the nervous system. 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