{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:49:24Z","timestamp":1791920964171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CARIPLO Foundation-Italy","award":["Rif. 2011-2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rif. 2011-2096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), administered by a single intratracheal instillation (i.t), was assessed in a rat model using commercial physico-chemical characterized nanosilver. Histopathological changes, overall toxic response and oxidative stress (kidney and plasma protein carbonylation), paralleled by ultrastructural observations (TEM), were evaluated to examine renal responses 7 and 28 days after i.t. application of a low AgNP dose (50 \u00b5g\/rat), compared to an equivalent dose of ionic silver (7 \u00b5g AgNO3\/rat). The AgNPs caused moderate renal histopathological and ultrastructural alteration, in a region-specific manner, being the cortex the most affected area. Notably, the bulk AgNO3, caused similar adverse effects with a slightly more marked extent, also triggering apoptotic phenomena. Specifically, 7 days after exposure to both AgNPs and AgNO3, dilatation of the intercapillary and peripheral Bowman\u2019s space was observed, together with glomerular shrinkage. At day 28, these effects still persisted after both treatments, accompanied by an additional injury involving the vascular component of the mesangium, with interstitial micro-hemorrhages. Neither AgNPs nor AgNO3 induced oxidative stress effects in kidneys and plasma, at either time point. The AgNP-induced moderate renal effects indicate that, despite their benefits, novel AgNPs employed in consumer products need exhaustive investigation to ensure public health safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T10:34:29Z","timestamp":1507631669000},"page":"2115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Single Silver Nanoparticle Instillation Induced Early and Persisting Moderate Cortical Damage in Rat Kidneys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Roda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA\u2014Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Barni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Milzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Dalle-Donne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziano","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Coccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA\u2014Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Characterization of potential exposures to nanoparticles and fibers during manufacturing and recycling of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composites","volume":"60","author":"Boonruksa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mew041","article-title":"A Systematic review of reported exposure to engineered nanomaterials","volume":"60","author":"Debia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31827cbabe","article-title":"Characterization of inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions and ultrafine particle exposure during grinding, brazing, and welding activities in a mechanical engineering factory","volume":"55","author":"Iavicoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.041","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles in the environment: Sources, detection and ecotoxicology","volume":"575","author":"McGillicuddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2015.1132346","article-title":"Release of nanomaterials from solid nanocomposites and consumer exposure assessment\u2013A forward-looking review","volume":"10","author":"Mackevica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2011.648223","article-title":"Recovery from silver-nanoparticle-exposure-induced lung inflammation and lung function changes in Sprague Dawley rats","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370902942566","article-title":"Engineered nanoparticle respiratory exposure and potential risks for cardiovascular toxicity: Predictive tests and biomarkers","volume":"21","author":"Simeonova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.12.019","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: Their potential toxic effects after oral exposure and underlying mechanisms\u2014A review","volume":"77","author":"Gaillet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390902725914","article-title":"Nano-silver\u2013A review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment","volume":"3","author":"Wijnhoven","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-18","article-title":"Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate","volume":"8","author":"Loeschner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1083-8","article-title":"State of the art in human risk assessment of silver compounds in consumer products: A conference report on silver and nanosilver held at the BfR in 2012","volume":"87","author":"Epp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-016-0124-x","article-title":"Tissue distribution and acute toxicity of silver after single intravenous administration in mice: Nano-specific and size-dependent effects","volume":"13","author":"Recordati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-11","article-title":"Size-dependent cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human lung cells: The role of cellular uptake, agglomeration and Ag release","volume":"11","author":"Gliga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.05.004","article-title":"Repeated-dose toxicity and inflammatory responses in mice by oral administration of silver nanoparticles","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.12.010","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles induce oxidative cell damage in human liver cells through inhibition of reduced glutathione and induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis","volume":"201","author":"Piao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300073p","article-title":"Redox proteomics: Chemical principles, methodological approaches and biological\/biomedical promises","volume":"113","author":"Bachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21392","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tobacco smoke exposure: Recent insights from comparative and redox proteomics","volume":"33","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn246","article-title":"Subchronic inhalation toxicity of silver nanoparticles","volume":"108","author":"Sung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-20","article-title":"Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0759-1","article-title":"Subacute oral toxicity investigation of nanoparticulate and ionic silver in rats","volume":"86","author":"Hadrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.08.006","article-title":"Systemic and behavioral effects of intranasal administration of silver nanoparticles","volume":"51","author":"Davenport","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.06.048","article-title":"Systemic and immunotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in an intravenous 28 days repeated dose toxicity study in rats","volume":"34","author":"Sleijffers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2013.764950","article-title":"Toxic effects of repeated oral exposure of silver nanoparticles on small intestine mucosa of mice","volume":"23","author":"Shahare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1021\/nn302649p","article-title":"Distribution, elimination, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in rats after 28-day oral exposure","volume":"6","author":"Vandebriel","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.703","article-title":"Interspecies comparisons on the uptake and toxicity of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles","volume":"31","author":"Gaiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2016.1181047","article-title":"The effects of nanoparticles on the renal system","volume":"46","author":"Iavicoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7439.1000227","article-title":"Gene Expression changes in rat liver and testes after lung instillation of a low dose of silver nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Coccini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"A13","article-title":"Nanotoxicology: In vitro-in vivo dosimetry","volume":"120","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2012.739664","article-title":"Nanoscale reference materials for environmental, health and safety measurements: Needs, gaps and opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1573413712666161017114934","article-title":"Occupational risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials: Limits, challenges and opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Leso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/825427","article-title":"Safety evaluation of engineered nanomaterials for health risk assessment: An experimental tiered testing approach using pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes","volume":"2013","author":"Coccini","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19990","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5201-4","article-title":"Response of biochemical biomarkers in the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles","volume":"22","author":"Ulm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.03.021","article-title":"Differential protein expression in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to nano and ionic Ag","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.04.015","article-title":"Tissue specific responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, to silver nanoparticles","volume":"138\u2013139","author":"McCarthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2009.GR09","article-title":"Influence of engineered nanoparticles from metals on the blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral blood flow, brain edema and neurotoxicity. An experimental study in the rat and mice using biochemical and morphological approaches","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Markers of oxidative stress in hepatopancreas of crayfish (Orconectes limosus, raf.) experimentally exposed to nanosilver","volume":"29","author":"Struzynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"547","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine silver particles in rats","volume":"109","author":"Takenaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu265","article-title":"Pulmonary effects of silver nanoparticle size, coating, and dose over time upon intratracheal instillation","volume":"144","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu112","article-title":"Toxicity of nanoparticles embedded in paints compared with pristine nanoparticles in mice","volume":"141","author":"Smulders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2014.12.014","article-title":"Difference in the toxicity mechanism between ion and nanoparticle forms of silver in the mouse lung and in macrophages","volume":"328","author":"Arai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-1692-4","article-title":"Global life cycle releases of engineered nanomaterials","volume":"15","author":"Keller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7339","article-title":"Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles","volume":"113","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2758","article-title":"Time-dependent biodistribution and excretion of silver nanoparticles in male Wistar rats","volume":"32","author":"Dziendzikowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1039\/B916107D","article-title":"Biodistribution and long-term fate of silver nanoparticles functionalized with bovine serum albumin in rats","volume":"2","author":"Ferrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Met. Integr. Biometal Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14022449","article-title":"Comparative in vivo assessment of some adverse bioeffects of equidimensional gold and silver nanoparticles and the attenuation of nanosilver\u2019s effects with a complex of innocuous bioprotectors","volume":"14","author":"Katsnelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv318","article-title":"Differential effects of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on tissue accumulation, distribution, and toxicity in the sprague dawley rat following daily oral gavage administration for 13-weeks","volume":"150","author":"Boudreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.08.016","article-title":"In vivo distribution of nanosilver in the rat: The role of ions and denovo-formed secondary particles","volume":"97","author":"Juling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2013.803270","article-title":"Apoptosis induction and histological changes in rat kidney following Cd-doped silica nanoparticle exposure: Evidence of persisting effects","volume":"23","author":"Coccini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"3365","article-title":"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ionic silver and silver nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Bachler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701874663","article-title":"Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and gender-related tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles in Sprague dawley rats","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-011-0118-z","article-title":"Bioavailability and toxicokinetics of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles in rats","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1454","article-title":"Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticle distribution after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in mice","volume":"29","author":"Patri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2014.980759","article-title":"The effects of palladium nanoparticles on the renal function of female Wistar rats","volume":"9","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/55.1.24","article-title":"Intratracheal instillation as an exposure technique for the evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity: Uses and limitations","volume":"55","author":"Driscoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg228","article-title":"Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon Nanotubes in rats","volume":"77","author":"Warheit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.01.008","article-title":"Respiratory toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"207","author":"Muller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9688","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to single-wall carbon Nanotubes","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.004","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis and absence of inflammation in rat lung after intratracheal instillation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"253","author":"Elgrabli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.02.024","article-title":"Protein carbonylation: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reacts with both aldehydes\/ketones and sulfenic acids","volume":"46","author":"Carini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2806","article-title":"Water-Soluble alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes of cigarette smoke induce carbonylation of human serum albumin","volume":"12","author":"Colombo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.11.052","article-title":"A step-by-step protocol for assaying protein carbonylation in biological samples","volume":"1019","author":"Colombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/10\/2115\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:46:53Z","timestamp":1760208413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/18\/10\/2115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms18102115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18102115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]}}}