{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:46:24Z","timestamp":1792622784248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis causes severe dysregulation of organ functions, via the development of oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathophysiological mechanisms are mimicked in mice injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, protective properties of argan oil against LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are explored in the murine model. Mice received standard chow, supplemented with argan oil (AO) or olive oil (OO) for 25 days, before septic shock was provoked with a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS, 16 hours prior to animal sacrifice. In addition to a rise in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, injected LPS also caused hepatotoxicity, accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperuremia. These LPS-associated toxic effects were blunted by AO pretreatment, as corroborated by normal plasma parameters and cell stress markers (glutathione: GSH) and antioxidant enzymology (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining revealed that AO can protect against acute liver injury, maintaining a normal status, which is pointed out by absent or reduced LPS-induced hepatic damage markers (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)). Our work also indicated that AO displayed anti-inflammatory activity, due to down-regulations of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and in up-regulations of the expression of anti-inflammatory genes encoding Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). OO provided animals with similar, though less extensive, protective changes. Collectively our work adds compelling evidence to the protective mechanisms of AO against LPS-induced liver injury and hence therapeutic potentialities, in regard to the management of human sepsis. Activations of IL-4\/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (IL-4\/PPARs) signaling and, under LPS, an anti-inflammatory IL-10\/Liver X Receptor (IL-10\/LXR) route, obviously indicated the high potency and plasticity of the anti-inflammatory properties of argan oil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T11:07:29Z","timestamp":1508411249000},"page":"2181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Protective Effect of Argan and Olive Oils against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Livers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Soufiane","family":"El Kamouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4965-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riad","family":"El Kebbaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Sant\u00e9, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la sant\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Andreoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrahim","family":"El Ktaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Anatomie Pathologique H\u00f4pital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Rharrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Anatomie Pathologique H\u00f4pital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelkhalid","family":"Essamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u2019hammed","family":"El Kebbaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences-A\u00efn Chock, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II-A\u00efn chock, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Mandard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipness Team, INSERM, Research Center UMR866 and LabEx LipSTIC, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche Comt\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Dijon 21000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Latruffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Vamecq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, Lille 59037 and RADEME EA 7364, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Lille 2, Lille 59045, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubker","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Cherkaoui-Malki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1349","article-title":"Sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cardiac troponins and natriuretic 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