{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:31:35Z","timestamp":1770996695943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education","award":["501-1-21-27-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501-1-21-27-17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. The effect of UFs on the quality of life and the overall cost of treatment are significant issues worldwide. Tumor size and location are the two specific factors which influence the occurrence of symptoms, the need for, and method of, treatment (some tumors require surgery while some can be treated with selected drugs). Primary prevention and treatment of early UF disease are worthy goals that might have a great impact on health care systems. Several treatments and prophylactic methods can be used in this endeavor. This publication presents current data about lesser-known substances which may have a beneficial effect on the treatment or prophylaxis of UFs and can be administered orally, serving as an alternative to (or complement of) surgery or selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs). Early prevention and treatment of UFs in women from high-risk groups should be our priority. Innovative forms of UF management are under intensive investigation and may be promising options in the near future. Many of them evaluated vitamin D, paricalcitol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), elagolix, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and cabergoline and deemed them to be safe and effective. The next step in such projects should be properly constructed randomized control trials (RCTs), carried out by successive phases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T12:30:16Z","timestamp":1512131416000},"page":"2586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Alternative Oral Agents in Prophylaxis and Therapy of Uterine Fibroids\u2014An Up-to-Date Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5780-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ciebiera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u0141ukaszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"M\u0119czekalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-513 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ciebiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Association at the I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1249-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Wojty\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"S\u0142abuszewska-J\u00f3\u017awiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Jakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1209993","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"369","author":"Bulun","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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