{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:21:10Z","timestamp":1776788470205,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2015R1D1A1A02061508, 2017R1D1A1A02018653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1D1A1A02061508, 2017R1D1A1A02018653"]}]},{"name":"the National R&amp;D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["1631040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1631040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tussilagone, extracted from Tussilago farfara is an oriental medicine used for asthma and bronchitis. We investigated its mechanism of action, its inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages, and its impact on viability in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of sepsis. Tussilagone suppressed the expression of the inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, and the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Tussilagone also reduced the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) involved in the activation of various inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages. Moreover, tussilagone administration (1 mg\/kg and 10 mg\/kg) produced decreased mortality and lung injury in CLP-activated septic mice. Augmented expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and TNF-\u03b1 in pulmonary alveolar macrophages of septic mice were attenuated by tussilagone administration. Tussilagone also suppressed the induction of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-\u03b1 and HMGB1 in the serum of the septic mice. Overall, tussilagone exhibited protective effects against inflammation and polymicrobial sepsis by suppressing inflammatory mediators possibly via the inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation and the MAP kinase pathway. These results suggest the possible use of tussilagone for developing novel therapeutic modalities for sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T03:54:32Z","timestamp":1513655672000},"page":"2744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tussilagone Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Improves Survival in CLP-Induced Septic Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano-Bio Resources Center, Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myeong","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Nambu University, Gwangju 506-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1497-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Sik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minchan","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano-Bio Resources Center, Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.06.013","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches","volume":"10","author":"Esposito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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