{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:19:58Z","timestamp":1768879198126,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptin actions at the pituitary level have been extensively investigated in mammalian species, but remain insufficiently characterized in lower vertebrates, especially in teleost fish. Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone of central importance to osmoregulation in fish. Using goldfish as a model, we examined the global and brain-pituitary distribution of a leptin receptor (lepR) and examined the relationship between expression of lepR and major pituitary hormones in different pituitary regions. The effects of recombinant goldfish leptin-AI and leptin-AII on PRL mRNA expression in the pituitary were further analysed, and the mechanisms underlying signal transduction for leptin-induced PRL expression were determined by pharmacological approaches. Our results showed that goldfish lepR is abundantly expressed in the brain-pituitary regions, with highly overlapping PRL transcripts within the pituitary. Recombinant goldfish leptin-AI and leptin-AII proteins could stimulate PRL mRNA expression in dose- and time-dependent manners in the goldfish pituitary, by both intraperitoneal injection and primary cell incubation approaches. Moreover, the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, MKK3\/6\/p38MAPK, and MEK1\/2\/ERK1\/2\u2014but not JAK2\/STAT 1, 3 and 5 cascades\u2014were involved in leptin-induced PRL mRNA expression in the goldfish pituitary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T11:34:14Z","timestamp":1513769654000},"page":"2781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Leptin Stimulates Prolactin mRNA Expression in the Goldfish Pituitary through a Combination of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, MKK3\/6\/p38MAPK and MEK1\/2\/ERK1\/2 Signalling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Aifen","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen 518083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jirong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional Cloning of the Mouse Obese Gene and Its Human Homolog","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624778","article-title":"Recombinant Mouse Ob Protein\u2014Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks","volume":"269","author":"Campfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624777","article-title":"Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma-Protein Encoded by the Obese 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