{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:24:30Z","timestamp":1790144670067,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle which is commonly affected. These affections are often so painful during fundamental oral activities that patients have lower quality of life. Limitations of therapeutics for severe TMJ diseases have led to increased interest in regenerative strategies combining stem cells, implantable scaffolds and well-targeting bioactive molecules. To succeed in functional and structural regeneration of TMJ is very challenging. Innovative strategies and biomaterials are absolutely crucial because TMJ can be considered as one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its limited healing capacity, its unique histological and structural properties and the necessity for long-term prevention of its ossified or fibrous adhesions. The ideal approach for TMJ regeneration is a unique scaffold functionalized with an osteochondral molecular gradient containing a single stem cell population able to undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation such as BMSCs, ADSCs or DPSCs. The key for this complex regeneration is the functionalization with active molecules such as IGF-1, TGF-\u03b21 or bFGF. This regeneration can be optimized by nano\/micro-assisted functionalization and by spatiotemporal drug delivery systems orchestrating the 3D formation of TMJ tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T06:45:40Z","timestamp":1517553940000},"page":"446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Temporomandibular Joint Regenerative Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Van Bellinghen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires &amp; Chirurgie Maxillo-Facial, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ysia","family":"Idoux-Gillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Pugliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Strub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires &amp; 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Chirurgie Maxillo-Facial, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Schwint\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Benkirane-Jessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7497-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Kuchler-Bopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires &amp; 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