{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:47:50Z","timestamp":1790880470303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]],"date-time":"2018-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is an important etiology of chronic diseases and many studies have shown that natural products might alleviate oxidative stress-induced pathogenesis. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced liver, brain and kidney tissue toxicity as well as biochemical changes in wistar rats. The antioxidant content of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil was studied with the use of gas chromatography. The animals received daily by gavage, for 21 days, either distilled water, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, Argan oil, H2O2 alone, H2O2 and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, or H2O2 and Argan oil. Blood samples were withdrawn on day 21 for the biochemical blood tests, and the kidney, liver and brain tissue samples were prepared for histopathology examination. The results showed that the content of antioxidant compounds in Syzygium aromaticum essential oil is higher than that found in Argan oil. H2O2 increased level of blood urea, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased the total protein, albumin and High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). There was no significant effect on blood electrolyte or serum creatinine. The histopathology examination demonstrated that H2O2 induces dilatation in the central vein, inflammation and binucleation in the liver, congestion and hemorrhage in the brain, and congestion in the kidney. The H2O2-induced histopathological and biochemical changes have been significantly alleviated by Syzygium aromaticum essential oil or Argan oil. It is concluded that the Argan oil and especially the mixture of Argan oil with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil can reduce the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, and this will pave the way to investigate the protective effects of these natural substances in the diseases attributed to the high oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The Antioxidant Content and Protective Effect of Argan Oil and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Biochemical and Histological Changes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Meryem","family":"BAKOUR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najoua","family":"SOULO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"HAMMAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinde","family":"FATEMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrazak","family":"ABOULGHAZI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"TAROQ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelfattah","family":"ABDELLAOUI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noori","family":"AL-WAILI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, NY 11418, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badiaa","family":"LYOUSSI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences DharMehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.07.008","article-title":"Proteostasis, oxidative stress and aging","volume":"13","author":"Korovila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.03.011","article-title":"Oxygen and oxidative stress in the perinatal period","volume":"12","author":"Kuligowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.066","article-title":"The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma","volume":"94","author":"Kleniewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. 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